Barnoya Joaquin, Glantz Stanton A
Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, Institute for Health Policy Studies, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
Eur J Public Health. 2006 Feb;16(1):69-77. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/cki044. Epub 2005 Aug 2.
The tobacco industry has formed regional environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) consultants programs in order to generate controversy on the issue of secondhand smoke (SHS) in Europe, Asia and Latin America. Only those countries in which the industry foresaw SHS restrictions were included. This paper describes the European and Asian components of the tobacco industry's worldwide ETS consultants program.
A systematic search was carried out of tobacco industry documents available on the Internet between October 2002 and February 2004.
Beginning in 1987, Philip Morris assembled an international ETS consultants program in collaboration with other tobacco companies based on their market shares in different regions of the world. The law firm Covington & Burling contacted and hired consultants with a wide range of expertise, usually affiliated with an academic institution, in order to avoid direct contact with the industry. The objective of the program was to influence policy makers, media and the public by providing, through their consultants, 'accurate' (pro-industry) information concerning smoking regulations in public places and workplaces, indoor air quality and ventilation standards, and scientific claims regarding SHS. Consultants also conducted research related to SHS and organized and attended regional and international symposiums related to SHS without acknowledging industry funding.
Despite evidence that the issue of smoke-free environments was close to emerging within the general public throughout the world in the late 1980s, the tobacco industry used its well-organized network of consultants to avoid SHS regulations in most of the world.
烟草行业组建了区域性环境烟草烟雾（ETS）顾问项目，以便在欧洲、亚洲和拉丁美洲就二手烟（SHS）问题制造争议。仅纳入了那些该行业预计会出台二手烟限制措施的国家。本文描述了烟草行业全球ETS顾问项目的欧洲和亚洲部分。
对2002年10月至2004年2月期间互联网上可得的烟草行业文件进行了系统检索。
从1987年开始，菲利普·莫里斯公司与其他烟草公司根据它们在世界不同地区的市场份额，联合组建了一个国际ETS顾问项目。科温顿·伯林律师事务所联系并聘请了具有广泛专业知识的顾问，这些顾问通常隶属于学术机构，以避免与该行业直接接触。该项目的目标是通过其顾问提供关于公共场所和工作场所吸烟规定、室内空气质量和通风标准以及有关二手烟的科学主张的“准确”（支持行业的）信息，来影响政策制定者、媒体和公众。顾问们还开展了与二手烟相关的研究，并组织和参加了与二手烟相关的区域和国际研讨会，且未承认行业资助。
尽管有证据表明在20世纪80年代末无烟环境问题在全球公众中已接近出现，但烟草行业利用其组织完善的顾问网络在世界大部分地区规避了二手烟相关规定。
