Ramsey Jon J, Hagopian Kevork
Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
J Nutr. 2006 Jul;136(7 Suppl):1958S-1966S. doi: 10.1093/jn/136.7.1958S.
The treatment of obesity in companion animals frequently focuses on restriction of energy intake. One important question with this treatment is whether dietary energy restriction (ER) produces a sustained decrease in mass-adjusted energy expenditure (EE), which prevents further weight loss and promotes rapid regain of body weight during lapses in dietary ER. This review summarizes studies that investigated the effects of dietary ER on EE at the whole-animal, organ, and cellular level. Whole-animal studies indicate that long-term dietary ER either decreases or does not affect mass-adjusted EE. The reason for this discrepancy between studies is not entirely clear, although analysis of data pooled from multiple studies suggests that a reduction in mass-adjusted EE with long-term ER would be observed if the sample size were sufficiently large and appropriate methods were used to adjust EE for body size. At the organ level, attempts were made to determine whether alterations in organ mass can entirely explain changes in EE with dietary ER. However, these studies were not conclusive, and it remains to be determined whether changes in EE exceed those that would be predicted from ER-induced alterations in organ mass. At the cellular level, there is evidence that dietary ER may induce sustained decreases in substrate oxidation, mitochondrial proton, and Na+-K+-ATPase activity in at least some tissues. These results are consistent with the idea that dietary ER may induce decreases in cellular EE. However, future studies integrating measurements at the whole-animal, organ, and cellular level will be required to determine definitively whether dietary ER produces sustained decreases in tissue or cellular EE.
伴侣动物肥胖症的治疗通常侧重于限制能量摄入。这种治疗方法面临的一个重要问题是，饮食能量限制（ER）是否会使体重调整后的能量消耗（EE）持续下降，而这会阻碍进一步减重，并在饮食ER中断期间促使体重迅速反弹。这篇综述总结了在全动物、器官和细胞水平上研究饮食ER对EE影响的各项研究。全动物研究表明，长期饮食ER要么会降低体重调整后的EE，要么对其没有影响。尽管对多项研究汇总数据的分析表明，如果样本量足够大且使用适当方法根据体型调整EE，长期ER会使体重调整后的EE降低，但各研究之间存在这种差异的原因尚不完全清楚。在器官水平上，研究人员试图确定器官质量的变化是否能完全解释饮食ER导致的EE变化。然而，这些研究尚无定论，EE的变化是否超过ER引起的器官质量变化所预测的程度仍有待确定。在细胞水平上，有证据表明饮食ER可能至少在某些组织中导致底物氧化、线粒体质子和钠钾ATP酶活性持续下降。这些结果与饮食ER可能导致细胞EE降低的观点一致。然而，未来需要综合全动物、器官和细胞水平测量的研究，以最终确定饮食ER是否会使组织或细胞EE持续下降。
