Del Bigio M R, Bruni J E
Department of Pathology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
Childs Nerv Syst. 1991 Apr;7(2):79-84. doi: 10.1007/BF00247861.
Hydrocephalus was induced in adult rabbits by injecting silicone oil into the cisterna magna. Mean intracranial pressure was significantly elevated for approximately 36 h post-injection, during which time maximal ventricular dilatation was attained. Stretching and compression of periventricular tissue and capillaries accompanied dilation of the lateral ventricles. Ventricular dilation promoted mitotic activity among the periventricular astroglia. Ventriculomegaly altered the metabolism of the monoamine neurotransmitters in the cortex, hippocampus, diencephalon, hypothalamus, and brain-stem. Ischemic injury to neurons of the hippocampal formation, particularly the dentate gyrus, was observed when hydrocephalus had persisted for more than 4 weeks. Cerebrospinal fluid shunting effectively reversed the neuropathologic changes only when done in the early stages of hydrocephalus. When hydrocephalus persisted for 8 weeks, rapid reversal of changes in the ependyma and periventricular capillaries was prevented largely by periventricular gliosis.
通过向成年兔的枕大池注射硅油来诱导脑积水。注射后约36小时平均颅内压显著升高，在此期间达到最大脑室扩张。侧脑室扩张伴随着脑室周围组织和毛细血管的拉伸和受压。脑室扩张促进了脑室周围星形胶质细胞的有丝分裂活性。脑室扩大改变了皮质、海马、间脑、下丘脑和脑干中单胺类神经递质的代谢。当脑积水持续超过4周时，观察到海马结构的神经元，特别是齿状回，出现缺血性损伤。只有在脑积水的早期进行脑脊液分流才能有效逆转神经病理变化。当脑积水持续8周时，脑室周围胶质增生在很大程度上阻止了室管膜和脑室周围毛细血管变化的快速逆转。
