时间限制与儿童偏差行为的抑制。
Timeout duration and the suppression of deviant behavior in children.
机构信息
Oregon Research Institute.
出版信息
J Appl Behav Anal. 1972 Summer;5(2):111-20. doi: 10.1901/jaba.1972.5-111.
The effects of three different timeout durations were investigated in a group of 20 retarded, institutionalized subjects. Each subject received 1, 15, and 30 min of timeout in a design that was counterbalanced in terms of the order in which timeout durations were presented. Displays of deviant behavior-such as aggression, tantrums, and self-destruction-were followed by periods of isolation in a timeout room. A reversal design was employed such that return-to-baseline periods were instituted after each timeout period. The overall effect of timeout was to reduce significantly the rate of deviant behavior. On the average, 15 and 30 min produced a 35% decrease in deviant behavior with little difference between the effectiveness of 15 and 30 min. The range of effects in all timeout conditions varied widely. The sequence in which the 1-min duration was presented effected the direction of its effect. When it preceded the use of longer durations, 1 min was most effective. As it came later in the sequence, its suppressive characteristics became less reliable.
在一个由 20 名智障、机构化的被试组成的小组中，研究了三种不同的超时持续时间的效果。在一种平衡了超时持续时间呈现顺序的设计中，每个被试接受了 1 分钟、15 分钟和 30 分钟的超时。在超时室中，隔离会跟随偏差行为的展示，例如攻击、发脾气和自残。采用反转设计，在每个超时期间后都进行回归基线期。超时的总体效果是显著降低偏差行为的发生率。平均而言，15 分钟和 30 分钟使偏差行为减少了 35%，而 15 分钟和 30 分钟的效果之间几乎没有差异。所有超时条件的效果范围差异很大。1 分钟持续时间呈现的顺序影响了其效果的方向。当它先于较长时间的使用时，1 分钟最有效。随着它在序列中出现得越来越晚，其抑制特性变得不太可靠。
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