University of Vermont.
J Appl Behav Anal. 1972 Fall;5(3):271-82. doi: 10.1901/jaba.1972.5-271.
A group of mildly retarded adolescents with high rates of antisocial behavior was exposed to two parameters of timeout and response cost within the context of a programmed environment. For five of the six subjects, the two higher values (30 tokens response cost or 30 min timeout) were significantly more suppressive than the lower values (five tokens or 5 min). For the one remaining subject, there was a strong relationship in the opposite direction. Also, the timeout and response cost of higher value became increasingly more suppressive over time, whereas those of lower value did not. There were few appreciable differences between the timeout and response cost of similar magnitude. A discussion of these results is presented in support of the notion that the functional aversiveness of timeouts (and response costs) appears to be critically dependent upon interactions with the environmental conditions in which they are implemented and the reinforcement histories of the subjects.
一组有较高反社会行为发生率的轻度智障青少年在程序化环境中接受了超时和反应代价两个参数的影响。对于其中六个被试中的五个，两种较高值（30 个代币反应代价或 30 分钟超时）明显比较低值（五个代币或 5 分钟超时）更具抑制作用。对于剩下的一个被试，情况则相反。此外，随着时间的推移，较高值的超时和反应代价变得越来越具抑制作用，而较低值的则不然。具有相似幅度的超时和反应代价之间几乎没有明显差异。本文讨论了这些结果，支持了这样一种观点，即超时（和反应代价）的功能厌恶似乎严重依赖于与实施它们的环境条件的相互作用以及被试的强化历史。
