Saugy M, Robinson N, Saudan C, Baume N, Avois L, Mangin P
Swiss Laboratory for Doping Analyses, Institute of Legal Medicine, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Br J Sports Med. 2006 Jul;40 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):i35-9. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.2006.027573.
Recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) has been on the list of forbidden substances since availability of its recombinant form improved in the early 1990s. Although its effectiveness in enhancing physical performance is still unproved, the compound is likely used for its potential anabolic effect on the muscle growth, and also in combination with other products (androgens, erythropoietin, etc.). The degree of similarity between the endogenous and the recombinant forms, the pulsatile secretion and marked interindividual variability makes detection of doping difficult. Two approaches proposed to overcome this problem are: the indirect method, which measures a combination of several factors in the biological cascade affected by administration of GH; and the direct method, which measures the difference between the circulating and the recombinant (represented by the unique 22 kD molecule) forms of GH. This article gives an overview of what is presently known about hGH in relation to sport. The available methods of detection are also evaluated.
Review of the literature on GH in relation to exercise, and its adverse effects and methods of detection when used for doping.
The main effects of exercise on hGH production and the use and effects of rhGH in athletes are discussed. Difficulties encountered by laboratories to prove misuse of this substance by both indirect and direct analyses are emphasised. The direct method currently seems to have the best reliability, even though the time window of detection is too short. hGH doping is a major challenge in the fight against doping. The effect of exercise on hGH and its short half-life are still presenting difficulties during doping analysis. To date the most promising method appears to be the direct approach utilising immunoassays.
自20世纪90年代初重组人生长激素（rhGH）的重组形式可得以来，它就一直被列入违禁物质名单。尽管其增强体能的有效性仍未得到证实，但该化合物可能因其对肌肉生长的潜在合成代谢作用而被使用，也可能与其他产品（雄激素、促红细胞生成素等）联合使用。内源性和重组形式之间的相似程度、脉冲式分泌以及显著的个体差异使得检测兴奋剂变得困难。为克服这一问题提出的两种方法是：间接方法，即测量受生长激素给药影响的生物级联反应中几个因素的组合；直接方法，即测量循环中的生长激素与重组形式（以独特的22 kD分子为代表）之间的差异。本文概述了目前关于生长激素与体育相关的已知情况。还对现有的检测方法进行了评估。
回顾关于生长激素与运动相关的文献，以及其用于兴奋剂时的不良反应和检测方法。
讨论了运动对生长激素产生的主要影响以及运动员使用重组人生长激素的情况和效果。强调了实验室在通过间接和直接分析证明该物质被滥用时遇到的困难。目前直接方法似乎具有最佳的可靠性，尽管检测的时间窗口太短。生长激素兴奋剂检测是反兴奋剂斗争中的一项重大挑战。运动对生长激素的影响及其短半衰期在兴奋剂分析过程中仍然带来困难。迄今为止，最有前景的方法似乎是利用免疫测定的直接方法。
