Riedel Kirsten, Scherer Gerhard, Engl Johannes, Hagedorn Heinz-Werner, Tricker Anthony R
Analytisch-Biologisches Forschungslabor GmbH, Goethestrasse 20, 80336 München, Germany.
J Anal Toxicol. 2006 Apr;30(3):187-95. doi: 10.1093/jat/30.3.187.
Aromatic amines (arylamines) such as o-toluidine, 2-aminonaphthalene, and 4-aminobiphenyl occur in the environment and are constituents of tobacco smoke. Human exposure to these aromatic amines has long been associated with an elevated risk of bladder cancer. A validated, specific, and sensitive method for measuring o-toluidine, 2-aminonaphthalene, and 4-aminobiphenyl in cigarette smokers and nonsmokers was developed. The method uses acid hydrolysis of the arylamine conjugates in urine, extraction with n-hexane, derivatization with pentafluoropropionic anhydride, and subsequent analysis with gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry using negative ion chemical ionization. The limits of detection were 4 ng/L for o-toluidine and 1 ng/L for 2-aminonaphthalene and 4-aminobiphenyl. Smokers (N = 10) excreted significantly higher amounts of o-toluidine (204 versus 104 ng/24 h), 2-aminonaphthalene (20.8 versus 10.7 ng/24 h), and 4-aminobiphenyl (15.3 versus 9.6 ng/24 h) than nonsmokers (N = 10). Urinary arylamine excretion in smokers was associated with the extent of smoking as assessed by daily cigarette consumption, urinary excretion of nicotine equivalents (nicotine plus its five major metabolites), cotinine in saliva, and carbon monoxide in exhaled breath. All nonsmokers investigated had quantifiable amounts of o-toluidine, 2-aminonaphthalene, and 4-aminobiphenyl in their urine, confirming that other environmental sources of exposure to these compounds also occur. In conclusion, the analytical method is suitable for measuring short-term exposure to arylamines in urine of non-occupationally exposed smokers and nonsmokers.
芳香胺（芳胺），如邻甲苯胺、2-氨基萘和4-氨基联苯，存在于环境中，也是烟草烟雾的成分。长期以来，人类接触这些芳香胺与膀胱癌风险升高有关。开发了一种经过验证的、特异且灵敏的方法，用于测量吸烟者和非吸烟者尿液中的邻甲苯胺、2-氨基萘和4-氨基联苯。该方法采用尿液中芳胺共轭物的酸水解、正己烷萃取、五氟丙酸酐衍生化，随后用气相色谱-质谱联用仪结合负离子化学电离进行分析。邻甲苯胺的检测限为4 ng/L，2-氨基萘和4-氨基联苯的检测限为1 ng/L。吸烟者（N = 10）排出的邻甲苯胺（204对104 ng/24 h）、2-氨基萘（20.8对10.7 ng/24 h）和4-氨基联苯（15.3对9.6 ng/24 h）的量显著高于非吸烟者（N = 10）。吸烟者尿液中芳胺的排泄量与吸烟程度相关，吸烟程度通过每日吸烟量、尼古丁当量（尼古丁及其五种主要代谢物）的尿液排泄量、唾液中的可替宁以及呼出气体中的一氧化碳来评估。所有接受调查的非吸烟者尿液中均含有可定量的邻甲苯胺、2-氨基萘和4-氨基联苯，这证实了还存在其他环境暴露源。总之，该分析方法适用于测量非职业暴露的吸烟者和非吸烟者尿液中芳胺的短期暴露情况。
