使用经杀虫剂处理的衣物进行个人疟疾防护：一项社区试验。
Use of insecticide-treated clothes for personal protection against malaria: a community trial.
作者信息
Kimani Elizabeth W, Vulule John M, Kuria Isabel W, Mugisha Fredrick
机构信息
African Population and Health Research Center (APHRC), P,O, Box 10787 00100, GPO, Nairobi, Kenya.
出版信息
Malar J. 2006 Jul 27;5:63. doi: 10.1186/1475-2875-5-63.
BACKGROUND
The study sought to determine the effect of using insecticide-treated clothes (ITCs) on personal protection against malaria infection. The specific objectives were to determine the effect of using ITCs on the rate of infection with malaria parasites and the effect on indoor mosquito density.
METHODS
This study was done in Dadaab refugee camps, North Eastern Province Kenya between April and August 2002, and involved a total of 198 participants, all refugees of Somali origin. The participants were selected through multi-stage cluster sampling. Half of the participants (treatment group) had their personal clothes worn on a daily basis (Diras, Saris, Jalbaabs, Ma'awis and shirts) and their bedding (sheets and blankets) treated with insecticide (permethrin). The other half (comparison group) had their clothes treated with placebo (plain water). Indoor mosquito density was determined from twelve households belonging to the participants; six in the treatment block and six in the comparison block. During pre-test and post-test, laboratory analysis of blood samples was done, indoor mosquito density determined and questionnaires administered. Using STATA statistical package, tests for significant difference between the two groups were conducted.
RESULTS
Use of ITCs reduced both malaria infection rates and indoor mosquito density significantly. The odds of malaria infection in the intervention group were reduced by about 70 percent. The idea of using ITCs for malaria infection control was easily accepted among the refugees and they considered it beneficial. No side effects related to use of the ITCs were observed from the participants.
CONCLUSION
The use of ITCs reduces malaria infection rate and has potential as an appropriate method of malaria control. It is recommended, therefore, that this strategy be considered for use among poor communities like slum dwellers and other underprivileged communities, such as street children and refugees, especially during an influx to malaria-prone regions. Further research on cost-effectiveness and sustainability of this strategy is worthwhile.
背景
该研究旨在确定使用经杀虫剂处理的衣物（ITCs）对个人预防疟疾感染的效果。具体目标是确定使用ITCs对疟原虫感染率的影响以及对室内蚊虫密度的影响。
方法
本研究于2002年4月至8月在肯尼亚东北部省份的达达布难民营进行，共有198名参与者，均为索马里裔难民。参与者通过多阶段整群抽样选取。一半参与者（治疗组）日常穿着的个人衣物（迪拉斯、纱丽、贾尔巴布、马阿维斯和衬衫）以及床上用品（床单和毯子）用杀虫剂（氯菊酯）进行处理。另一半（对照组）的衣物用安慰剂（清水）处理。从属于参与者的12户家庭中确定室内蚊虫密度；治疗组街区6户，对照组街区6户。在预测试和后测试期间，对血样进行实验室分析，确定室内蚊虫密度并发放问卷。使用STATA统计软件包对两组之间的显著差异进行检验。
结果
使用ITCs显著降低了疟疾感染率和室内蚊虫密度。干预组疟疾感染的几率降低了约70%。在难民中，使用ITCs控制疟疾感染的想法很容易被接受，他们认为这有益处。参与者未观察到与使用ITCs相关的副作用。
结论
使用ITCs可降低疟疾感染率，具有作为疟疾控制适当方法的潜力。因此，建议考虑在贫民窟居民等贫困社区以及其他弱势群体，如街头儿童和难民中使用这一策略，尤其是在涌入疟疾高发地区期间。对该策略的成本效益和可持续性进行进一步研究是值得的。
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