Tahara Yasuaki, Moji Kazuhiko, Tsunawake Noriaki, Fukuda Rika, Nakayama Masao, Nakagaichi Masaki, Komine Tadatoshi, Kusano Yosuke, Aoyagi Kiyoshi
Department of School Health and Health Promotion, Faculty of Education, Nagasaki University, Japan.
J Physiol Anthropol. 2006 Jul;25(4):291-7. doi: 10.2114/jpa2.25.291.
This study evaluates the physical and physiological ability of selected soccer players of Kunimi High School in Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan. The Kunimi team is famous for its intensive training, and had won the championship of the All Japan High School Soccer Tournament six times by 2003. We measured physique, body composition, and maximal oxygen uptake of 72 members aged between 16 and 18 years old between 1986 and 1994. They consisted of 66 outfield players (12 forward players, 23 midfielders, 31 defenders) and 6 goalkeepers. Body density was measured by the under-water weighing method, and Brozek's equation was applied to calculate percentage body fat (%Fat, %), fat-free mass (FFM, kg), FFM/height (FFM/Ht, kg.m(-1)), and FFM index (FFM/Ht(3), kg.m(-3)). The following results were obtained: 1. The average of 66 outfield players was 172.7 cm of height, 64.6 kg of weight, 54.0 cm of girth of thigh, and 90.0 cm of girth of hip, 9.3% of %Fat, 58.6 kg of FFM, 33.9 kg.m(-1) of FFM/Ht and 113.8 kg.m(-3) of FFM index. The mean vital capacity was 4.25 L and total lung capacity was 5.58 L. The mean maximal ventilation was 138.7 L.min(-1), VO(2)max was 3.95 L.min(-1), and VO(2)max/Wt was 61.4 ml.kg(-1).min(-1). 2. Goalkeepers were taller and heavier than outfielders, and had a smaller mean value of VO(2)max/Wt than outfielders (p<0.01). 3. For 23 out of the 72 players measured twice with an interval of about one year, FFM increased and %Fat reduced significantly, while V(E)max, VO(2)max and VO(2)max/Wt did not change. Kunimi players of the present study had as large a VO(2)max/Wt as local players, and a similar or slightly smaller VO(2)max/Wt than national-level players. They had similar %Fat and a similar VO(2)max/Wt with professional soccer players in England (Davis et al., 1992) while they had much smaller physiques.
本研究评估了日本长崎县国见高中部分足球运动员的身体和生理能力。国见队以高强度训练而闻名，截至2003年已六次夺得全日本高中足球锦标赛冠军。我们在1986年至1994年期间测量了72名年龄在16至18岁之间队员的体格、身体成分和最大摄氧量。他们包括66名外场球员（12名前锋、23名中场球员、31名后卫）和6名守门员。采用水下称重法测量身体密度，并应用布罗泽克公式计算体脂百分比（%Fat，%）、去脂体重（FFM，kg）、FFM/身高（FFM/Ht，kg·m⁻¹）和FFM指数（FFM/Ht³，kg·m⁻³）。得到以下结果：1. 66名外场球员的平均身高为172.7厘米，体重为64.6千克，大腿围为54.0厘米，臀围为90.0厘米，%Fat为9.3%，FFM为58.6千克，FFM/Ht为33.9 kg·m⁻¹，FFM指数为113.8 kg·m⁻³。平均肺活量为4.25升，肺总量为5.58升。平均最大通气量为138.7 L·min⁻¹，VO₂max为3.95 L·min⁻¹，VO₂max/体重为61.4 ml·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹。2. 守门员比外场球员更高更重，其VO₂max/体重的平均值比外场球员小（p<0.01）。3. 在72名被测量两次、间隔约一年的球员中，有23名球员的FFM显著增加，%Fat显著降低，而V(E)max、VO₂max和VO₂max/体重没有变化。本研究中的国见球员的VO₂max/体重与当地球员一样大，与国家级球员相比，VO₂max/体重相似或略小。他们的%Fat与英国职业足球运动员相似，VO₂max/体重也相似，但其体格要小得多。
