Risko Evan F, Schmidt James R, Besner Derek
Psychology Department, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1 Canada.
Psychon Bull Rev. 2006 Apr;13(2):310-5. doi: 10.3758/bf03193849.
In the Stroop task, incongruent color associates (e.g., LAKE) interfere more with color identification than neutral words do (e.g., SEAT). However, color associates have historically been related to colors in the response set. Response set membership is an important factor in Stroop interference, because color words in the response set interfere more than color words not in the response set. It has not been established whether response set membership plays a role in the ability of a color associate to interfere with color identification. This issue was addressed in two experiments (one using vocal responses and one using manual responses) by comparing the magnitude of interference caused by color associates related to colors in the response set with that of interference caused by color associates unrelated to colors in the response set. The results of both experiments show that color associates unrelated to colors in the response set interfered with color identification more than neutral words did. However, the amount of interference was less than that from color associates that were related to colors in the response set. In addition, this pattern was consistent across response modalities. These results are discussed with respect to various theoretical accounts of Stroop interference.
在斯特鲁普任务中，不一致的颜色关联词（例如，LAKE）比中性词（例如，SEAT）对颜色识别的干扰更大。然而，从历史上看，颜色关联词一直与反应集中的颜色相关。反应集成员身份是斯特鲁普干扰中的一个重要因素，因为反应集中的颜色词比不在反应集中的颜色词干扰更大。颜色关联词干扰颜色识别的能力中，反应集成员身份是否起作用尚未确定。在两项实验（一项使用语音反应，一项使用手动反应）中，通过比较与反应集中的颜色相关的颜色关联词所造成的干扰程度和与反应集中的颜色无关的颜色关联词所造成的干扰程度，解决了这个问题。两项实验的结果均表明，与反应集中的颜色无关的颜色关联词对颜色识别的干扰比中性词更大。然而，干扰量小于与反应集中的颜色相关的颜色关联词所造成的干扰。此外，这种模式在不同的反应方式中是一致的。针对斯特鲁普干扰的各种理论解释对这些结果进行了讨论。
