Zilhão João, d'Errico Francesco, Bordes Jean-Guillaume, Lenoble Arnaud, Texier Jean-Pierre, Rigaud Jean-Philippe
Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Bristol, 43 Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 1UU, United Kingdom.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Aug 15;103(33):12643-8. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0605128103. Epub 2006 Aug 7.
The Châtelperronian is a Neandertal-associated archeological culture featuring ornaments and decorated bone tools. It is often suggested that such symbolic items do not imply that Neandertals had modern cognition and stand instead for influences received from coeval, nearby early modern humans represented by the Aurignacian culture, whose precocity would be proven by stratigraphy and radiocarbon dates. The Grotte des Fées at Châtelperron (France) is the remaining case of such a potential Châtelperronian-Aurignacian contemporaneity, but reanalysis shows that its stratification is poor and unclear, the bone assemblage is carnivore-accumulated, the putative interstratified Aurignacian lens in level B4 is made up for the most part of Châtelperronian material, the upper part of the sequence is entirely disturbed, and the few Aurignacian items in levels B4-5 represent isolated intrusions into otherwise in situ Châtelperronian deposits. As elsewhere in southwestern Europe, this evidence confirms that the Aurignacian postdates the Châtelperronian and that the latter's cultural innovations are better explained as the Neandertals' independent development of behavioral modernity.
夏特尔佩罗文化是一种与尼安德特人相关的考古文化，其特征是有装饰品和装饰过的骨制工具。人们常认为，这类具有象征意义的物品并不意味着尼安德特人具备现代认知能力，而是代表着他们受到了同时代、附近以奥瑞纳文化为代表的早期现代人的影响，地层学和放射性碳年代测定法将证明奥瑞纳文化更为早熟。法国夏特尔佩罗的仙女洞是这种潜在的夏特尔佩罗文化与奥瑞纳文化同时期存在的遗留案例，但重新分析表明，其地层分层不佳且不清晰，骨器组合是食肉动物堆积形成的，B4层假定的夹在中间的奥瑞纳文化层大部分由夏特尔佩罗文化材料构成，该序列的上部完全遭到破坏，B4 - 5层中为数不多的奥瑞纳文化物品代表着原本原地的夏特尔佩罗文化沉积物中的孤立侵入物。与欧洲西南部其他地方一样，这一证据证实奥瑞纳文化晚于夏特尔佩罗文化，且后者的文化创新更好地解释为是尼安德特人行为现代性的独立发展。
