Wilcock Ian M, Cronin John B, Hing Wayne A
Institute of Sport and Recreation Research New Zealand, Division of Sport and Recreation, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.
Sports Med. 2006;36(9):747-65. doi: 10.2165/00007256-200636090-00003.
Recovery from exercise can be an important factor in performance during repeated bouts of exercise. In a tournament situation, where athletes may compete numerous times over a few days, enhancing recovery may provide a competitive advantage. One method that is gaining popularity as a means to enhance post-game or post-training recovery is immersion in water. Much of the literature on the ability of water immersion as a means to improve athletic recovery appears to be based on anecdotal information, with limited research on actual performance change. Water immersion may cause physiological changes within the body that could improve recovery from exercise. These physiological changes include intracellular-intravascular fluid shifts, reduction of muscle oedema and increased cardiac output (without increasing energy expenditure), which increases blood flow and possible nutrient and waste transportation through the body. Also, there may be a psychological benefit to athletes with a reduced cessation of fatigue during immersion. Water temperature alters the physiological response to immersion and cool to thermoneutral temperatures may provide the best range for recovery. Further performance-orientated research is required to determine whether water immersion is beneficial to athletes.
运动恢复可能是反复进行运动时表现的一个重要因素。在锦标赛的情况下，运动员可能在几天内多次参赛，提高恢复能力可能会带来竞争优势。作为一种提高赛后或训练后恢复能力的方法，水浸正变得越来越流行。关于水浸作为改善运动员恢复手段的能力的许多文献似乎都基于轶事信息，对实际表现变化的研究有限。水浸可能会引起体内的生理变化，从而改善运动恢复。这些生理变化包括细胞内-血管内液体转移、肌肉水肿减轻和心输出量增加（而不增加能量消耗），这会增加血流量以及可能促进营养物质和废物在体内的运输。此外，对于运动员来说，在水浸过程中疲劳停止的减少可能会带来心理益处。水温会改变对水浸的生理反应，凉爽至热中性温度可能为恢复提供最佳范围。需要进一步开展以表现为导向的研究，以确定水浸对运动员是否有益。
