Costa Albert, Santesteban Mikel, Ivanova Iva
Grup de Recerca en Neurociencia Cognitiva, Parc Cientific de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2006 Sep;32(5):1057-74. doi: 10.1037/0278-7393.32.5.1057.
The authors report 4 experiments exploring the language-switching performance of highly proficient bilinguals in a picture-naming task. In Experiment 1, they tested the impact of language similarity and age of 2nd language acquisition on the language-switching performance of highly proficient bilinguals. Experiments 2, 3, and 4 assessed the performance of highly proficient bilinguals in language-switching contexts involving (a) the 2nd language (L2) and the L3 of the bilinguals, (b) the L3 and the L4, and (c) the L1 and a recently learned new language. Highly proficient bilinguals showed symmetrical switching costs regardless of the age at which the L2 was learned and of the similarities of the 2 languages and asymmetrical switching costs when 1 of the languages involved in the switching task was very weak (an L4 or a recently learned language). The theoretical implications of these results for the attentional mechanisms used by highly proficient bilinguals to control their lexicalization process are discussed.
作者报告了4项实验，这些实验探究了高度熟练的双语者在图片命名任务中的语言切换表现。在实验1中，他们测试了语言相似性和第二语言习得年龄对高度熟练的双语者语言切换表现的影响。实验2、3和4评估了高度熟练的双语者在涉及以下情况的语言切换情境中的表现：(a)双语者的第二语言（L2）和第三语言（L3）；(b) L3和L4；(c)第一语言（L1）和最近学习的一门新语言。高度熟练的双语者无论第二语言的习得年龄以及两种语言的相似性如何，都会表现出对称的切换代价；而当切换任务中涉及的一种语言非常薄弱（L4或最近学习的语言）时，则会表现出不对称的切换代价。本文讨论了这些结果对高度熟练的双语者用于控制其词汇化过程的注意机制的理论意义。
