Marsella R, Nicklin C, Lopez J
Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610-0126, USA.
Vet Dermatol. 2006 Oct;17(5):306-12. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3164.2006.00541.x.
The current study aimed to investigate the role played by oral, epicutaneous, and inhalation routes of exposure to house dust mites (HDM). The colony of high IgE-producing beagle dogs has been shown to develop pruritic dermatitis compatible with atopic dermatitis following environmental exposure (EE) to HDM. In crossover experiments, the response to EE was compared to two modified challenges, oral exposure (OE) and snood and muzzle exposure (SME). For OE, HDM were fed daily for 3 days. For SME, ingestion of allergen was prevented but there was inhalation and epicutaneous exposure to all body regions except to one ear. In all experiments, dogs were challenged for three consecutive days, and evaluated before, 6 h after exposure and daily thereafter, for 5 days. After a wash-out period, groups were crossed-over so that each dog was randomly challenged to all three protocols. Clinical scores were analysed using least squares analysis of variance. All dogs developed pruritic dermatitis regardless of the protocol. With OE, lesions developed in the same body regions as with EE although scores were lower. This difference became more evident after the first 3 days when OE scores decreased and EE scores continued to increase. The scores of covered and uncovered ears did not differ with SME. Scores for the remainder of the body were significantly lower than for EE. The development of lesions on covered ears supports the importance of inhalation or a systemic reaction to epicutaneous exposure in other areas. It is concluded that all routes are important and have additive effects, that route of exposure does not determine the distribution of lesions and that continuous epicutaneous exposure probably plays the most important role.
当前研究旨在调查经口、经皮和吸入途径接触屋尘螨（HDM）所起的作用。已证明，高产生IgE的比格犬群体在环境暴露于HDM后会出现与特应性皮炎相符的瘙痒性皮炎。在交叉实验中，将环境暴露的反应与两种改良激发方式进行比较，即经口暴露（OE）和口鼻部暴露（SME）。对于OE，连续3天每天喂食HDM。对于SME，防止摄入过敏原，但除一只耳朵外，全身均有吸入和经皮暴露。在所有实验中，对犬连续激发3天，并在激发前、暴露后6小时以及此后每天进行评估，持续5天。经过洗脱期后，各实验组交叉，使每只犬随机接受所有三种方案的激发。使用最小二乘法方差分析对临床评分进行分析。无论采用哪种方案，所有犬均出现瘙痒性皮炎。对于OE，与环境暴露时相同的身体部位出现了病变，尽管评分较低。在最初3天后，这种差异变得更加明显，此时OE评分下降而环境暴露评分继续上升。SME时，覆盖和未覆盖耳朵的评分没有差异。身体其他部位的评分显著低于环境暴露。覆盖耳朵上出现病变支持了吸入或对其他部位经皮暴露产生全身反应的重要性。得出的结论是，所有途径都很重要且具有累加效应，暴露途径并不决定病变的分布，持续经皮暴露可能起最重要的作用。
