Manary Miriam A, Reed Matthew P, Klinich Kathleen D, Ritchie Nichole L, Schneider Lawrence W
Biosciences Division, University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute, Michigan, USA.
Annu Proc Assoc Adv Automot Med. 2006;50:397-410.
A series of sled tests was performed to analyze the responses of an anthropomorphic test device (ATD), particularly neck forces, when rear-facing child restraint systems (CRS) are tethered. Nominally identical rear-facing CRS were tested in four tether conditions: untethered, tethered down to the floor, tethered down to the bottom of the vehicle seat, and tethered rearward to a point above the back of the vehicle seat. The CRABI 12MO ATD with head, upper neck, and chest instrumentation was used in all tests. The tests were conducted using the ECE R44.02 test bench. Both frontal and rear impacts were performed and each condition was repeated for a total of 16 sled tests. Motions of the CRS and ATD were recorded using high-speed digital video (1000 fps). The highest ATD accelerations, forces, and moments were observed during the primary impact of a frontal test, rather than on rebound. The loads observed during rebound from frontal impact were similar in magnitude to the peak loads collected during rear impact. The four tethering geometries produced distinct loading patterns. The lowest HIC, neck forces, and chest accelerations in both impact directions were observed with the rearward tether. The upper neck moment data did not show a clear trend relative to tethering geometry. ATD and CRS motions were best controlled in frontal impact by the rearward tethering geometry while the motions in rear impact were best controlled by tethering to the floor. The data show a potential benefit in both frontal and rear impacts of tethering rear-facing CRS to a point above the vehicle seatback.
进行了一系列雪橇试验，以分析在后置儿童约束系统（CRS）系绳时，拟人试验装置（ATD）的响应，特别是颈部受力情况。在四种系绳条件下对名义上相同的后置CRS进行了测试：未系绳、系绳至地板、系绳至车辆座椅底部以及向后系绳至车辆座椅靠背上方的一点。所有测试均使用配备头部、上颈部和胸部仪器的CRABI 12MO ATD。试验使用ECE R44.02试验台进行。进行了正面和背面碰撞试验，每种条件重复进行，总共进行了16次雪橇试验。使用高速数字视频（1000帧/秒）记录CRS和ATD的运动。在正面试验的初次碰撞过程中观察到了最高的ATD加速度、力和力矩，而不是在反弹时。正面碰撞反弹过程中观察到的载荷大小与背面碰撞过程中收集的峰值载荷相似。四种系绳几何形状产生了不同的加载模式。向后系绳时，在两个碰撞方向上观察到的HIC、颈部受力和胸部加速度最低。上颈部力矩数据相对于系绳几何形状没有显示出明显趋势。在正面碰撞中，向后系绳几何形状能最好地控制ATD和CRS的运动，而在背面碰撞中，系绳至地板能最好地控制运动。数据表明，将后置CRS系绳至车辆座椅靠背上的一点，在正面和背面碰撞中都有潜在益处。
