Ball Kylie, Timperio Anna F, Crawford David A
Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Hwy, Burwood VIC 3125, Australia.
Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2006 Sep 26;3:33. doi: 10.1186/1479-5868-3-33.
Research interest in the influence of environmental factors on nutrition and physical activity behaviors has surged internationally in recent years. This is evident from a rapidly expanding literature and facilitated by advances in methodological and analytical approaches to assessing multiple levels of influence on health behaviors. However, a number of conceptual challenges complicate research endeavours in this field. The purpose of this paper is to provide a 'state of the science' overview of evidence regarding environmental influences on nutrition and physical activity behaviors. We focus particularly on a number of key conceptual and methodological issues, including: a consideration of how the environment is defined; the selection and operationalization of environmental exposures; and the importance of integrating existing understanding of individual influences on behavior with the emerging data on the role of the environment. We draw on examples from the published literature including our own research studies to illustrate these issues. We conclude by proposing a research agenda to progress understanding of the influences of the environment on population nutrition and physical activity behaviors.
近年来，国际上对环境因素对营养和身体活动行为影响的研究兴趣激增。这从迅速增长的文献中可见一斑，并且得益于评估对健康行为多层次影响的方法和分析方法的进步。然而，一些概念性挑战使该领域的研究工作变得复杂。本文的目的是提供关于环境对营养和身体活动行为影响的证据的“科学现状”概述。我们特别关注一些关键的概念和方法问题，包括：对环境如何定义的考量；环境暴露的选择和操作化；以及将对个体行为影响的现有理解与关于环境作用的新数据相结合的重要性。我们借鉴已发表文献中的例子，包括我们自己的研究，来说明这些问题。我们最后提出一个研究议程，以推动对环境对人群营养和身体活动行为影响的理解。
