Leong Kok Hoong, Tan L L Benjamin, Mustafa Ali Mohd
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Chemosphere. 2007 Jan;66(6):1153-9. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.06.009. Epub 2006 Oct 5.
In Malaysia, rivers are the main source of public water supplies. This study was conducted from 2002 to 2003 to determine the levels of selected organochlorine and organophosphate pesticides in the Selangor River in Malaysia. Surface water samples have been collected seasonally from nine sites along the river. A liquid-liquid extraction followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry technique was used to determine the trace levels of these pesticide residues. The organochlorine pesticides detected were lindane, heptachlor, endosulfan, dieldrin, endosulfan sulfate, o,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDT, o,p'-DDE and p,p'-DDE whereas for organophosphate pesticides, they were chlorpyrifos and diazinon. At the river upstream where a dam is located for public water supply, incidents of pesticide levels exceeding the European Economic Community Directive of water quality standards have occurred. Furthermore, the wetland ecosystems located at the downstream of the river which houses the fireflies community is being threatened by occasional pesticide levels above EPA limits for freshwater aquatic organisms. The occurrence of these residual pesticides in the Selangor River can be attributed to the intense agriculture and urban activity.
在马来西亚，河流是公共供水的主要来源。本研究于2002年至2003年开展，旨在测定马来西亚雪兰莪河选定的有机氯和有机磷农药水平。已按季节从该河沿岸的9个地点采集地表水样本。采用液-液萃取结合气相色谱-质谱技术测定这些农药残留的痕量水平。检测到的有机氯农药有林丹、七氯、硫丹、狄氏剂、硫酸硫丹、o,p'-滴滴涕、p,p'-滴滴涕、o,p'-滴滴伊和p,p'-滴滴伊，而有机磷农药则有毒死蜱和二嗪农。在为公共供水建有一座大坝的河上游，出现了农药水平超过欧洲经济共同体水质标准指令的情况。此外，位于该河下游、栖息着萤火虫群落的湿地生态系统正受到偶尔出现的高于美国环境保护局淡水水生生物限值的农药水平的威胁。雪兰莪河中这些残留农药的出现可归因于密集的农业和城市活动。
