Yue Grace G L, Fung Kwok-Pui, Tse Gary M K, Leung Ping-Chung, Lau Clara B S
Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
J Altern Complement Med. 2006 Oct;12(8):777-89. doi: 10.1089/acm.2006.12.777.
Ganoderma lucidum (Lingzhi or Reishi) has been commonly suggested in East Asia as a potential candidate for prevention and treatment of different diseases, including cancer. Ganoderma extracts, in particular Ganoderma lucidum (extracts or isolated components), have previously been shown to possess antitumor activities. The present study aimed at comparing three different species of Ganoderma, wildly grown versus cultivated, as well as the different parts of the fruiting body (whole fruiting body, pileus, and stipe), with regard to their antitumor effects in human breast cancer cells and immunomodulatory activities in mouse splenic lymphocytes in vitro.
The aqueous extracts (12.5-400 microg/mL) of G. lucidum, G. sinense, and G. tsugae were examined for their antiproliferative activities in human breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231, as well as in normal human mammary epithelial cells (primary culture). The immunomodulatory effects of the extracts were evaluated in mouse splenic lymphocytes. The proliferative responses of the mentioned cell types were determined by MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide] assay.
The present results demonstrated that the extracts of all tested Ganoderma samples could significantly inhibit cell proliferation in human breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231, with G. tsugae being the most potent. The extracts, however, did not exert any significant cytotoxic effect on human normal mammary epithelial cells. Within the species G. sinense, the inhibitory effects of wildly grown samples were not significantly different from those of the cultivated samples, except at 400 microg/mL. Most of the tested extracts of Ganoderma stimulated mouse splenic lymphocytes proliferation. The extracts from the stipes of the G. tsugae and wildly grown G. sinense showed much stronger inhibitory effects than the other parts of the fruiting body in both cancer cell lines, whereas the extracts from the stipes of G. lucidum and wildly grown G. sinense showed stronger immunopotentiating activities in mouse splenic lymphocytes.
These results indicate that the aqueous extracts of these commonly available Ganoderma fruiting bodies, G. lucidum, G. sinense, and G. tsugae have antitumor activities in human breast cancer cells and immunomodulatory activities in murine lymphocytes. In addition, the present findings also suggest that the stipes of fruiting bodies of Ganoderma species should be included in the preparation of extract of these fungi in order to obtain the most comprehensive active ingredients. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first detailed comparison among the different parts of the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma.
在东亚地区，灵芝通常被认为是预防和治疗包括癌症在内的多种疾病的潜在候选药物。灵芝提取物，特别是灵芝（提取物或分离成分），此前已被证明具有抗肿瘤活性。本研究旨在比较三种不同种类的灵芝，即野生灵芝与栽培灵芝，以及子实体的不同部位（整个子实体、菌盖和菌柄）在体外对人乳腺癌细胞的抗肿瘤作用和对小鼠脾淋巴细胞的免疫调节活性。
检测灵芝、紫芝和松杉灵芝的水提取物（12.5 - 400μg/mL）对人乳腺癌细胞系MCF - 7和MDA - MB - 231以及正常人乳腺上皮细胞（原代培养）的抗增殖活性。在小鼠脾淋巴细胞中评估提取物的免疫调节作用。通过MTT [3 -（4,5 - 二甲基噻唑基）- 2,5 - 二苯基溴化四氮唑] 法测定上述细胞类型的增殖反应。
目前的结果表明，所有测试的灵芝样品提取物均可显著抑制人乳腺癌细胞系MCF - 7和MDA - MB - 231的细胞增殖，其中松杉灵芝的抑制作用最强。然而，这些提取物对人正常乳腺上皮细胞没有显著的细胞毒性作用。在紫芝中，除400μg/mL外，野生样品和栽培样品的抑制作用无显著差异。大多数测试的灵芝提取物可刺激小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖。在两种癌细胞系中，松杉灵芝和野生紫芝菌柄的提取物比子实体的其他部位显示出更强的抑制作用，而灵芝和野生紫芝菌柄的提取物在小鼠脾淋巴细胞中显示出更强的免疫增强活性。
这些结果表明，这些常见的灵芝子实体，即灵芝、紫芝和松杉灵芝的水提取物对人乳腺癌细胞具有抗肿瘤活性，对小鼠淋巴细胞具有免疫调节活性。此外，目前的研究结果还表明，在制备这些真菌的提取物时应包含灵芝子实体的菌柄，以便获得最全面的活性成分。据作者所知，这是首次对灵芝子实体不同部位进行详细比较。
