Engbers Luuk H, van Poppel Mireille N M, Chin A Paw Marijke, van Mechelen Willem
Department of Public and Occupational Health and EMGO-institute, VU University Medical Center, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
BMC Public Health. 2006 Oct 17;6:253. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-6-253.
Eating patterns in Western industrialized countries are characterized by a high energy intake and an overconsumption of (saturated) fat, cholesterol, sugar and salt. Many chronic diseases are associated with unhealthy eating patterns. On the other hand, a healthy diet (low saturated fat intake and high fruit and vegetable intake) has been found important in the prevention of health problems, such as cancer and cardio-vascular disease (CVD). The worksite seems an ideal intervention setting to influence dietary behavior. The purpose of this study is to present the effects of a worksite environmental intervention on fruit, vegetable and fat intake and determinants of behavior.
A controlled trial that included two different governmental companies (n = 515): one intervention and one control company. Outcome measurements (short-fat list and fruit and vegetable questionnaire) took place at baseline and 3 and 12 months after baseline. The relatively modest environmental intervention consisted of product information to facilitate healthier food choices (i.e., the caloric (kcal) value of foods in groups of products was translated into the number of minutes to perform a certain (occupational) activity to burn these calories).
Significant changes in psychosocial determinants of dietary behavior were found; subjects at the intervention worksite perceived more social support from their colleagues in eating less fat. But also counter intuitive effects were found: at 12 months the attitude and self-efficacy towards eating less fat became less positive in the intervention group. No effects were found on self-reported fat, fruit and vegetable intake.
This environmental intervention was modestly effective in changing behavioral determinant towards eating less fat (social support, self-efficacy and attitude), but ineffective in positively changing actual fat, fruit and vegetable intake of office workers.
西方工业化国家的饮食模式特点是高能量摄入以及（饱和）脂肪、胆固醇、糖和盐的过度消费。许多慢性疾病都与不健康的饮食模式有关。另一方面，已发现健康饮食（低饱和脂肪摄入以及高水果和蔬菜摄入量）对于预防健康问题，如癌症和心血管疾病（CVD）很重要。工作场所似乎是影响饮食行为的理想干预场所。本研究的目的是呈现工作场所环境干预对水果、蔬菜和脂肪摄入量以及行为决定因素的影响。
一项对照试验，纳入了两家不同的政府公司（n = 515）：一家干预公司和一家对照公司。在基线以及基线后3个月和12个月进行结果测量（简短脂肪清单和水果与蔬菜问卷）。相对适度的环境干预包括提供产品信息以促进更健康的食物选择（即，将产品组中食物的热量（千卡）值换算成进行某项（职业）活动以消耗这些卡路里所需的分钟数）。
发现饮食行为的社会心理决定因素有显著变化；干预工作场所的受试者在减少脂肪摄入方面感受到同事更多的社会支持。但也发现了与直觉相反的效果：在12个月时，干预组对减少脂肪摄入的态度和自我效能变得不那么积极。在自我报告的脂肪、水果和蔬菜摄入量方面未发现影响。
这种环境干预在改变减少脂肪摄入的行为决定因素（社会支持、自我效能和态度）方面有一定效果，但在积极改变上班族实际的脂肪、水果和蔬菜摄入量方面无效。
