Yao Chang, Webster Thomas J
School of Materials Engineering, 500 Central Drive Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
J Nanosci Nanotechnol. 2006 Sep-Oct;6(9-10):2682-92. doi: 10.1166/jnn.2006.447.
Anodization is a well-established surface modification technique that produces protective oxide layers on valve metals such as titanium. Many studies have used anodization to produce micro-porous titanium oxide films on implant surfaces for orthopedic applications. An additional hydrothermal treatment has also been used in conjunction with anodization to deposit hydroxyapatite on titanium surfaces; this is in contrast to using traditional plasma spray deposition techniques. Recently, the ability to create nanometer surface structures (e.g., nano-tubular) via anodization of titanium implants in fluorine solutions have intrigued investigators to fabricate nano-scale surface features that mimic the natural bone environment. This paper will present an overview of anodization techniques used to produce micro-porous titanium oxide structures and nano-tubular oxide structures, subsequent properties of these anodized titanium surfaces, and ultimately their in vitro as well as in vivo biological responses pertinent for orthopedic applications. Lastly, this review will emphasize why anodized titanium structures that have nanometer surface features enhance bone forming cell functions.
阳极氧化是一种成熟的表面改性技术，可在钛等阀金属上形成保护性氧化层。许多研究已使用阳极氧化在植入物表面制备用于骨科应用的微孔二氧化钛薄膜。还将额外的水热处理与阳极氧化结合使用，以在钛表面沉积羟基磷灰石；这与使用传统的等离子喷涂沉积技术形成对比。最近，通过在氟溶液中对钛植入物进行阳极氧化来创建纳米级表面结构（例如纳米管）的能力，激发了研究人员制造模仿天然骨环境的纳米级表面特征的兴趣。本文将概述用于制备微孔二氧化钛结构和纳米管氧化结构的阳极氧化技术、这些阳极氧化钛表面的后续性能，以及最终它们在骨科应用中的体外和体内生物学反应。最后，本综述将强调为何具有纳米级表面特征的阳极氧化钛结构能增强骨形成细胞的功能。
