Alyokhin Andrei, Dively Galen, Patterson Megan, Castaldo Christopher, Rogers David, Mahoney Matthew, Wollam John
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maine, 5722 Deering Hall, Orono, ME 04469, USA.
Pest Manag Sci. 2007 Jan;63(1):32-41. doi: 10.1002/ps.1305.
One of the major challenges in managing the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) is its remarkable ability to develop resistance to virtually every insecticide that has ever been used against it. Resistance is particularly common throughout northeastern USA as far north as Maine. The first instances of resistance to imidacloprid have already been reported from several locations in New York, Delaware and southern Maine. Rotating insecticides with different modes of action may delay insecticide resistance, but successful implementation of this technique depends on a good understanding of resistance and cross-resistance patterns in populations of target pests. LC(50) values were measured for imidacloprid and thiamethoxam in Colorado potato beetle populations from a variety of locations in the USA and Canada using diet incorporation bioassays. The field performance of imidacloprid, thiamethoxam and clothianidin against imidacloprid-resistant beetles on a commercial potato farm in southern Maine was also evaluated. Correlation between LC(50) values for imidacloprid and thiamethoxam was highly significant, even when populations previously exposed to thiamethoxam were excluded from the analysis. There was no statistically detectable difference in the LC(50) values between populations exposed to both insecticides and to imidacloprid alone. Applications of neonicotinoid insecticides at planting delayed build-up of imidacloprid-resistant beetle populations on field plots by 1-2 weeks but failed to provide adequate crop protection. Consistently with bioassay results, there was also substantial cross-resistance among the three tested neonicotinoid insecticides. Results of the present study support the recommendation to avoid rotating imidacloprid with thiamethoxam as a part of a resistance management plan.
治理科罗拉多马铃薯甲虫（Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say)）面临的主要挑战之一是，它对几乎所有曾用于防治它的杀虫剂都具有显著的抗药性发展能力。在美国东北部一直到缅因州，抗药性都极为普遍。纽约、特拉华州和缅因州南部的多个地点已报告了对吡虫啉产生抗药性的首例情况。轮换使用具有不同作用方式的杀虫剂可能会延缓抗药性的产生，但该技术的成功实施取决于对目标害虫种群中的抗药性和交叉抗药性模式有充分了解。使用饲料掺入生物测定法，测定了来自美国和加拿大各地的科罗拉多马铃薯甲虫种群对吡虫啉和噻虫嗪的半数致死浓度（LC(50)）值。还评估了吡虫啉、噻虫嗪和氯噻啉在缅因州南部一个商业马铃薯农场对吡虫啉抗性甲虫的田间防治效果。即使在分析中排除了先前接触过噻虫嗪的种群，吡虫啉和噻虫嗪的LC(50)值之间的相关性仍然非常显著。同时接触两种杀虫剂和仅接触吡虫啉的种群之间，LC(50)值在统计学上没有可检测到的差异。种植时施用新烟碱类杀虫剂可将田间地块上吡虫啉抗性甲虫种群的增长延迟1至2周，但未能提供充分的作物保护。与生物测定结果一致，三种测试的新烟碱类杀虫剂之间也存在大量交叉抗药性。本研究结果支持以下建议：在抗性管理计划中，应避免将吡虫啉与噻虫嗪轮换使用。
