Bar-Anan Yoav, Liberman Nira, Trope Yaacov
Department of Psychology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
J Exp Psychol Gen. 2006 Nov;135(4):609-22. doi: 10.1037/0096-3445.135.4.609.
According to construal level theory (N. Liberman, Y. Trope, & E. Stephan, in press; Y. Trope & N. Liberman, 2003), people use a more abstract, high construal level when judging, perceiving, and predicting more psychologically distal targets, and they judge more abstract targets as being more psychologically distal. The present research demonstrated that associations between more distance and higher level of construal also exist on a pure conceptual level. Eight experiments used the Implicit Association Test (IAT; A. G. Greenwald, D. E. McGhee, & J. L. K. Schwartz, 1998) to demonstrate an association between words related to construal level (low vs. high) and words related to four dimensions of distance (proximal vs. distal): temporal distance, spatial distance, social distance, and hypotheticality. In addition to demonstrating an association between level of construal and psychological distance, these findings also corroborate the assumption that all 4 dimensions of psychological distance are related to level of construal in a similar way and support the notion that they all are forms of psychological distance.
根据解释水平理论（N. 利伯曼、Y. 特罗普和E. 斯蒂芬，即将出版；Y. 特罗普和N. 利伯曼，2003），人们在判断、感知和预测心理上更遥远的目标时，会使用更抽象、更高的解释水平，并且他们会将更抽象的目标判断为在心理上更遥远。本研究表明，在纯粹的概念层面上，距离更远与更高的解释水平之间也存在关联。八项实验使用了内隐联想测验（IAT；A. G. 格林沃尔德、D. E. 麦吉和J. L. K. 施瓦茨，1998）来证明与解释水平相关的词语（低水平与高水平）和与四个距离维度相关的词语（近端与远端）之间的关联：时间距离、空间距离、社会距离和假设性。除了证明解释水平与心理距离之间的关联外，这些发现还证实了这样一种假设，即心理距离的所有四个维度都以类似的方式与解释水平相关，并支持它们都是心理距离形式的观点。
