Tamay Zeynep, Akcay Ahmet, Ones Ulker, Guler Nermin, Kilic Gurkan, Zencir Mehmet
Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Chest Diseases, Istanbul School of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2007 Mar;71(3):463-71. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2006.11.013. Epub 2006 Dec 12.
Allergic rhinitis is a common chronic illness of childhood. The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of allergic rhinitis in 6-12-year-old schoolchildren in Istanbul.
A total of 2500 children aged between 6 and 12 years in randomly selected six primary schools of Istanbul were surveyed by using the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire between April and May 2004.
Of them 2387 (1185 M/1202 F) questionnaires were appropriately completed by the parents with an overall response of 95.4%. The prevalence of physician-diagnosed allergic rhinitis was 7.9% (n=189). A family history of atopy (aOR=1.30, 95% CI=1.00-1.68), frequent respiratory tract infection (aOR=1.36, 95% CI=1.08-1.70) and sinusitis (aOR=2.29, 95% CI=1.64-3.19), antibiotic use in the first year of life (aOR=1.26, 95% CI=1.01-1.57), cat at home in the first year of life (aOR=2.21, 95% CI=1.36-3.61), dampness at home (aOR=1.31, 95% CI=1.04-1.65) and perianal redness (aOR=1.26, 95% CI=1.01-1.57) were significant for increased risk for allergic rhinitis. Frequent consumption of fruits and vegetables were inversely, and frequent consumption of lollipops and candies were positively associated with allergic rhinitis symptoms.
Our study reconfirmed that family history of atopy, frequent respiratory tract infections, antibiotics given in the first year of life, cat at home in the first year of life, dampness at home, perianal redness and dietary habits are important independent risk factors for AR. Researchers worldwide should be focused to these factors and try to develop policies for early intervention, primary and secondary preventions for allergic diseases.
变应性鼻炎是儿童常见的慢性疾病。本研究旨在评估伊斯坦布尔6至12岁学童变应性鼻炎的患病率及危险因素。
2004年4月至5月期间，采用儿童哮喘和变应性疾病国际研究（ISAAC）问卷，对伊斯坦布尔随机选取的6所小学中2500名6至12岁儿童进行了调查。
其中2387份问卷（1185名男性/1202名女性）由家长适当填写，总体应答率为95.4%。医生诊断的变应性鼻炎患病率为7.9%（n = 189）。特应性家族史（调整后比值比[aOR]=1.30，95%置信区间[CI]=1.00 - 1.68）、频繁呼吸道感染（aOR = 1.36，95% CI = 1.08 - 1.70）和鼻窦炎（aOR = 2.29，95% CI = 1.64 - 3.19）、出生后第一年使用抗生素（aOR = 1.26，95% CI = 1.01 - 1.57）、出生后第一年家中养猫（aOR = 2.21，95% CI = 1.36 - 3.61）、家中潮湿（aOR = 1.31，95% CI = 1.04 - 1.65）和肛周发红（aOR = 1.26，95% CI = 1.01 - 1.57）与变应性鼻炎风险增加显著相关。经常食用水果和蔬菜与变应性鼻炎症状呈负相关，经常食用棒棒糖和糖果与变应性鼻炎症状呈正相关。
我们的研究再次证实，特应性家族史、频繁呼吸道感染、出生后第一年使用抗生素、出生后第一年家中养猫、家中潮湿、肛周发红和饮食习惯是变应性鼻炎重要的独立危险因素。全球研究人员应关注这些因素，并努力制定早期干预、变应性疾病一级和二级预防的政策。
