von Hofsten Claes
Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Sweden.
Dev Sci. 2007 Jan;10(1):54-60. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-7687.2007.00564.x.
It is argued that cognitive development has to be understood in the functional perspective provided by actions. Actions reflect all aspects of cognitive development including the motives of the child, the problems to be solved, and the constraints and possibilities of the child's body and sensorimotor system. Actions are directed into the future and their control is based on knowledge of what is going to happen next. Such knowledge is available because events are governed by rules and regularities. The planning of actions also requires knowledge of the affordances of objects and events. An important aspect of cognitive development is about how the child acquires such knowledge.
有人认为，认知发展必须从行动所提供的功能视角来理解。行动反映了认知发展的各个方面，包括儿童的动机、有待解决的问题以及儿童身体和感觉运动系统的限制与可能性。行动指向未来，其控制基于对接下来会发生之事的了解。之所以能获得这样的知识，是因为事件受规则和规律支配。行动的规划还需要了解物体和事件所提供的便利。认知发展的一个重要方面是儿童如何获取此类知识。
