Fiske Susan T, Cuddy Amy J C, Glick Peter
Department of Psychology, Green Hall, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA.
Trends Cogn Sci. 2007 Feb;11(2):77-83. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2006.11.005. Epub 2006 Dec 22.
Like all perception, social perception reflects evolutionary pressures. In encounters with conspecifics, social animals must determine, immediately, whether the "other" is friend or foe (i.e. intends good or ill) and, then, whether the "other" has the ability to enact those intentions. New data confirm these two universal dimensions of social cognition: warmth and competence. Promoting survival, these dimensions provide fundamental social structural answers about competition and status. People perceived as warm and competent elicit uniformly positive emotions and behavior, whereas those perceived as lacking warmth and competence elicit uniform negativity. People classified as high on one dimension and low on the other elicit predictable, ambivalent affective and behavioral reactions. These universal dimensions explain both interpersonal and intergroup social cognition.
与所有感知一样，社会感知反映了进化压力。在与同类相遇时，群居动物必须立即判断“对方”是朋友还是敌人（即意图是善还是恶），然后判断“对方”是否有能力实施这些意图。新数据证实了社会认知的这两个普遍维度：热情和能力。这些维度促进了生存，提供了关于竞争和地位的基本社会结构答案。被视为热情且有能力的人会引发一致的积极情绪和行为，而那些被认为缺乏热情和能力的人则会引发一致的消极情绪。在一个维度上得分高而在另一个维度上得分低的人会引发可预测的矛盾情感和行为反应。这些普遍维度解释了人际和群体间的社会认知。
