Whitby D J, Longaker M T, Harrison M R, Adzick N S, Ferguson M W
Department of Cell and Structural Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, UK.
J Cell Sci. 1991 Jul;99 ( Pt 3):583-6. doi: 10.1242/jcs.99.3.583.
Wound healing is a complex process involving the interaction of many cell types with the extracellular matrix (ECM). Fetal skin wound healing differs from that in the adult in that it occurs rapidly and without scar formation. The mechanisms underlying these differing processes may be related to the fetal environment, the stage of differentiation of the fetal cells or the ECM deposited in the wound. The spatial and temporal distribution of two components of the ECM, fibronectin and tenascin, were studied by immunostaining of cryosections from trunk wounds of fetal and adult sheep. Epithelialisation was complete earlier in the fetal wound than in the adult. The distribution of fibronectin was similar in fetal and adult wounds but tenascin was present earlier in the fetal wound. Fibronectin has several roles in wound healing including acting as a substratum for cell migration and as a mediator of cell adhesion through cell surface integrins. The attachment of fibroblasts to fibronectin is inhibited by tenascin and during development the appearance of tenascin in the ECM of migratory pathways correlates with the initiation of cell migration. Similarly, the appearance of tenascin in healing wounds may initiate cell migration. Tenascin was present in these wounds prior to cell migration and the rapid epithelialisation of fetal wounds may be due to the early appearance of tenascin in the wound.
伤口愈合是一个复杂的过程，涉及多种细胞类型与细胞外基质（ECM）的相互作用。胎儿皮肤伤口愈合与成人不同，其愈合迅速且无瘢痕形成。这些不同过程背后的机制可能与胎儿环境、胎儿细胞的分化阶段或伤口中沉积的细胞外基质有关。通过对胎儿和成年绵羊躯干伤口冰冻切片进行免疫染色，研究了细胞外基质的两种成分纤连蛋白和腱生蛋白的时空分布。胎儿伤口的上皮形成比成人伤口更早完成。胎儿和成人伤口中纤连蛋白的分布相似，但腱生蛋白在胎儿伤口中出现得更早。纤连蛋白在伤口愈合中具有多种作用，包括作为细胞迁移的底物以及通过细胞表面整合素作为细胞黏附的介质。腱生蛋白会抑制成纤维细胞与纤连蛋白的附着，在发育过程中，迁移途径的细胞外基质中腱生蛋白的出现与细胞迁移的开始相关。同样，腱生蛋白在愈合伤口中的出现可能会引发细胞迁移。腱生蛋白在细胞迁移之前就存在于这些伤口中，胎儿伤口的快速上皮形成可能是由于伤口中腱生蛋白的早期出现。
