Melchers Klaus G, Wolff Susann, Lachnit Harald
Psychologisches Institut, Universität Zürich, Binzmühlestrasse 14/12, CH-8050 Zürich, Switzerland.
Psychon Bull Rev. 2006 Aug;13(4):662-7. doi: 10.3758/bf03193978.
In previous studies that have tried to extinguish conditioned inhibition through nonreinforced presentations of the inhibitor, researchers have repeatedly failed to find evidence for such extinction. The present study revealed that extinction can be achieved through nonreinforcement of the inhibitor, depending on properties of the reinforcer. In a human causal learning experiment, we found complete extinction in a scenario in which the reinforcer could take on negative values. Thereby, this scenario reflected the assumed symmetrical continuum on which associative strength can vary, according to the Rescorla-Wagner theory of associative learning. In contrast to this, the inhibitory cue retained its inhibitory potential in another condition, in which the scenario did not allow negative values of the reinforcer.
在以往试图通过对抑制剂进行非强化呈现来消除条件性抑制的研究中，研究人员一再未能找到这种消除的证据。本研究表明，根据强化物的特性，通过对抑制剂进行非强化可以实现消除。在一项人类因果学习实验中，我们发现在强化物可以取负值的情况下完全消除。因此，根据联想学习的雷斯克拉-瓦格纳理论，这种情况反映了联想强度可能变化的假设对称连续体。与此形成对比的是，在另一种情况下，即该情境不允许强化物取负值时，抑制性线索保留了其抑制潜力。
