Kramer Laura D, Li Jun, Shi Pei-Yong
Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York 12208, USA.
Lancet Neurol. 2007 Feb;6(2):171-81. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(07)70030-3.
West Nile virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus originally isolated in 1937 from the blood of a febrile woman in the West Nile province of Uganda. The virus is widely distributed in Africa, Europe, Australia, and Asia, and, since 1999, it has spread rapidly throughout the western hemisphere, including the USA, Canada, Mexico, and the Caribbean and into parts of Central and South America. Before 1994, outbreaks of West Nile virus were sporadic and occurred primarily in the Mediterranean region, Africa, and east Europe. Since 1994, outbreaks have occurred with a higher incidence of severe human disease, particularly affecting the nervous system. In North America, the virus has caused meningitis, encephalitis, and poliomyelitis, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. The goal of this Review is to highlight recent advances in our understanding of West Nile virus virology, ecology, clinical disease, diagnosis, and development of potential vaccines and antiviral therapies.
西尼罗河病毒是一种由蚊子传播的黄病毒，最初于1937年从乌干达西尼罗河省一名发热妇女的血液中分离出来。该病毒广泛分布于非洲、欧洲、澳大利亚和亚洲，自1999年以来，它已迅速传播到整个西半球，包括美国、加拿大、墨西哥和加勒比地区，并蔓延到中美洲和南美洲的部分地区。1994年以前，西尼罗河病毒疫情呈散发性，主要发生在地中海地区、非洲和东欧。自1994年以来，疫情爆发时严重人类疾病的发病率更高，尤其影响神经系统。在北美，该病毒已导致脑膜炎、脑炎和脊髓灰质炎，造成了显著的发病率和死亡率。本综述的目的是突出我们对西尼罗河病毒病毒学、生态学、临床疾病、诊断以及潜在疫苗和抗病毒疗法开发的最新认识进展。
