Global Virus Network, Tampa, Florida, USA.
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Virol J. 2024 Oct 28;21(1):269. doi: 10.1186/s12985-024-02545-1.
The resurgence of H5N1 avian influenza highlights the urgent need for robust surveillance systems to detect zoonotic risks before they evolve into human-to-human transmission. The One Health approach-integrating human, animal, and environmental health-offers a comprehensive framework for addressing these challenges. H5N1, a highly pathogenic avian influenza virus, has caused significant mortality in avian populations and poses a serious threat to human health. While human cases are rare, alarming outbreaks in mammals, such as elephant seals with up to 96% mortality, emphasize the importance of early detection in animal populations. Traditional surveillance methods, which often focus solely on human cases, are reactive and may be too late to prevent widespread transmission. One Health enhances early warning systems by monitoring wildlife, livestock, and environmental samples, identifying viral spillover events at their source, and enabling timely interventions to contain the virus before it reaches human populations.
H5N1 禽流感的死灰复燃凸显出迫切需要建立强大的监测系统，以便在人畜共患病风险演变为人际传播之前加以发现。“同一健康”方法将人类、动物和环境卫生结合在一起，为应对这些挑战提供了一个全面的框架。H5N1 是一种高致病性禽流感病毒，它导致禽类大量死亡，对人类健康构成严重威胁。虽然人类感染病例罕见，但哺乳动物（如死亡率高达 96%的象海豹）中出现的令人震惊的疫情表明，在动物种群中进行早期检测非常重要。传统的监测方法通常仅关注人类病例，是一种被动的方法，可能为时已晚，无法阻止病毒的广泛传播。“同一健康”通过监测野生动物、牲畜和环境样本，识别病毒溢出事件的源头，并在病毒传播到人类之前及时采取干预措施加以控制，从而增强了早期预警系统。
