Gailliot Matthew T, Plant E Ashby, Butz David A, Baumeister Roy F
Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-1270, USA.
Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2007 Feb;33(2):281-94. doi: 10.1177/0146167206296101.
Three longitudinal studies and one correlational study tested the hypothesis that increasing self-regulatory strength by regular self-regulatory exercise would reduce the intrapsychic costs of suppressing stereotypes. Participants tried to resist using stereotypes while describing or talking to a stimulus person. Participants whose habitual motivation to suppress stereotypes was low exhibited impaired Stroop and anagram performance after the suppression task, presumably because of self-regulatory depletion (i.e., a reduction of self-regulatory strength following prior use). Two weeks of self-regulation exercises (such as using one's nondominant hand or refraining from cursing) eliminated this effect. These findings indicate that self-regulatory exercise can improve resistance to self-regulatory depletion and, consequently, people can suppress stereotypes without suffering subsequent decrements in task performance.
通过定期的自我调节练习来增强自我调节能力，会降低抑制刻板印象的心理成本。参与者在描述或与一个刺激人物交谈时，试图抵制使用刻板印象。那些习惯性抑制刻板印象动机较低的参与者，在抑制任务后，斯特鲁普（Stroop）任务和字谜任务的表现受损，这可能是由于自我调节资源耗竭（即先前使用后自我调节能力的降低）。两周的自我调节练习（如使用非优势手或避免咒骂）消除了这种影响。这些发现表明，自我调节练习可以提高对自我调节资源耗竭的抵抗力，因此，人们可以抑制刻板印象，而不会在随后的任务表现中出现下降。
