de Viggiani Nick
School of Health, Community and Policy Studies, University of the West of England, Bristol.
Sociol Health Illn. 2007 Jan;29(1):115-35. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9566.2007.00474.x.
Prisoner health is influenced as much by structural determinants (institutional, environmental, political, economic and social) as it is by physical and mental constitutions of prisoners themselves. Prison health may therefore be better understood with greater insight into how people respond to imprisonment - the psychological pressures of incarceration, the social world of prison, being dislocated from society, and the impact of the institution itself with its regime and architecture. As agencies of disempowerment and deprivation, prisons epitomise the antithesis of a healthy setting. The World Health Organisation's notion of a 'healthy prison' is in this sense an oxymoron, yet the UK government has signalled that it is committed to WHO's core health promotion principles as a route to reducing health inequalities. This paper reports on the findings of an ethnographic study which was conducted in an adult male training prison in England, using participant observation, group interviewing, and one-to-one semi-structured interviews with prisoners and prison officers. The paper explores how different layers of prison life impact on the health of prisoners, arguing that health inequalities are enmeshed within the workings of the prison system itself.
囚犯的健康受结构决定因素（制度、环境、政治、经济和社会方面）的影响程度，与受囚犯自身身体和心理构成的影响程度相当。因此，若能更深入地了解人们对监禁的反应——监禁带来的心理压力、监狱的社会环境、与社会脱节的状态以及监狱制度本身及其建筑风格所产生的影响，或许就能更好地理解监狱健康问题。作为剥夺权力和权利的机构，监狱是不利于健康环境的典型代表。从这个意义上说，世界卫生组织提出的“健康监狱”概念是一种矛盾修辞法，但英国政府已表明，它致力于遵循世界卫生组织的核心健康促进原则，以此作为减少健康不平等现象的途径。本文报告了一项人种志研究的结果，该研究在英格兰一所成年男性培训监狱进行，采用了参与观察、小组访谈以及与囚犯和狱警进行的一对一半结构化访谈。本文探讨了监狱生活的不同层面如何影响囚犯的健康，认为健康不平等现象与监狱系统本身的运作交织在一起。
