Lans Cheryl, Turner Nancy, Khan Tonya, Brauer Gerhard, Boepple Willi
School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria, British Columbia, V8W 3P5, Canada.
J Ethnobiol Ethnomed. 2007 Feb 26;3:11. doi: 10.1186/1746-4269-3-11.
The use of medicinal plants is an option for livestock farmers who are not allowed to use allopathic drugs under certified organic programs or cannot afford to use allopathic drugs for minor health problems of livestock.
In 2003 we conducted semi-structured interviews with 60 participants obtained using a purposive sample. Medicinal plants are used to treat a range of conditions. A draft manual prepared from the data was then evaluated by participants at a participatory workshop.
There are 128 plants used for ruminant health and diets, representing several plant families. The following plants are used for abscesses: Berberis aquifolium/Mahonia aquifolium Echinacea purpurea, Symphytum officinale, Bovista pila, Bovista plumbea, Achillea millefolium and Usnea longissima. Curcuma longa L., Salix scouleriana and Salix lucida are used for caprine arthritis and caprine arthritis encephalitis. Euphrasia officinalis and Matricaria chamomilla are used for eye problems. Wounds and injuries are treated with Bovista spp., Usnea longissima, Calendula officinalis, Arnica sp., Malva sp., Prunella vulgaris, Echinacea purpurea, Berberis aquifolium/Mahonia aquifolium, Achillea millefolium, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Hypericum perforatum, Lavandula officinalis, Symphytum officinale and Curcuma longa. Syzygium aromaticum and Pseudotsuga menziesii are used for coccidiosis. The following plants are used for diarrhea and scours: Plantago major, Calendula officinalis, Urtica dioica, Symphytum officinale, Pinus ponderosa, Potentilla pacifica, Althaea officinalis, Anethum graveolens, Salix alba and Ulmus fulva. Mastitis is treated with Achillea millefolium, Arctium lappa, Salix alba, Teucrium scorodonia and Galium aparine. Anethum graveolens and Rubus sp., are given for increased milk production. Taraxacum officinale, Zea mays, and Symphytum officinale are used for udder edema. Ketosis is treated with Gaultheria shallon, Vaccinium sp., and Symphytum officinale. Hedera helix and Alchemilla vulgaris are fed for retained placenta.
Some of the plants showing high levels of validity were Hedera helix for retained placenta and Euphrasia officinalis for eye problems. Plants with high validity for wounds and injuries included Hypericum perforatum, Malva parviflora and Prunella vulgaris. Treatments with high validity against endoparasites included those with Juniperus communis and Pinus ponderosa. Anxiety and pain are well treated with Melissa officinalis and Nepeta caesarea.
对于在认证有机养殖项目下不允许使用对抗疗法药物，或因家畜小疾病而无力承担对抗疗法药物费用的养殖户来说，使用药用植物是一种选择。
2003年，我们对60名采用立意抽样获得的参与者进行了半结构化访谈。药用植物被用于治疗一系列病症。然后，根据这些数据编写的手册草稿在一次参与式研讨会上由参与者进行评估。
有128种植物用于反刍动物健康和日粮，分属于几个植物科。以下植物用于治疗脓肿：俄勒冈葡萄/小叶十大功劳、紫锥菊、药用聚合草、梨形马勃、铅色马勃、蓍草和长松萝。姜黄、斯库勒柳和亮叶柳用于治疗山羊关节炎和山羊关节炎脑炎。小米草和母菊用于治疗眼部问题。伤口和损伤用马勃属植物、长松萝、金盏花、山金车属植物、锦葵属植物、夏枯草、紫锥菊、俄勒冈葡萄/小叶十大功劳、蓍草、荠菜、贯叶连翘、薰衣草、药用聚合草和姜黄治疗。丁香和花旗松用于治疗球虫病。以下植物用于治疗腹泻和下痢：大车前、金盏花、异株荨麻、药用聚合草、西黄松、太平洋委陵菜、药蜀葵、莳萝、白柳和美洲榆。乳腺炎用蓍草、牛蒡、白柳、夏枯草和猪殃殃治疗。莳萝和悬钩子属植物用于提高产奶量。蒲公英、玉米和药用聚合草用于治疗乳房水肿。酮病用小叶白珠树、越橘属植物和药用聚合草治疗。常春藤和柔毛委陵菜用于治疗胎盘滞留。
某些有效性较高的植物有用于治疗胎盘滞留的常春藤和用于治疗眼部问题的小米草。对伤口和损伤有效性较高的植物包括贯叶连翘、小花锦葵和夏枯草。对内寄生虫有效性较高的治疗方法包括使用杜松和西黄松的那些方法。蜜蜂花和凯撒荆芥对焦虑和疼痛有很好的治疗效果。
