Sumeruk R, Segal I, Te Winkel W, van der Merwe C F
Department of Medicine, Cecilia Makiwane Hospital, Ciskei.
S Afr Med J. 1992 Jan 18;81(2):91-3.
Cancer of the oesophagus is the commonest cancer in South African black males. The highest incidence rates occur in the south of Transkei. The rate among urban blacks, especially in Soweto, is also high. This study determined risk factors for oesophageal cancer in patients in three different environments--urban Soweto, rural Ciskei and rural-urban Bophuthatswana. Males were affected more than females. The majority of patients in all three regions were smokers. With regard to alcohol consumption, most Sowetans (84%) and Ciskeians (91%), but only 57% of patients from Bophuthatswana, were drinkers. Home-brewed drinks were the main source of alcohol. Oesophageal cancer occurs in both rural and urban environments, affects people without regard to tribal ethnicity, and occurs mainly in the 6th decade; moreover, almost all patients present with advanced disease.
食道癌是南非黑人男性中最常见的癌症。发病率最高的地区是特兰斯凯南部。城市黑人，尤其是索韦托的发病率也很高。本研究确定了来自索韦托市区、西斯凯农村和博普塔茨瓦纳城乡结合部这三种不同环境中的食道癌患者的危险因素。男性患者多于女性患者。所有三个地区的大多数患者都吸烟。在饮酒方面，大多数索韦托人（84%）和西斯凯人（91%）饮酒，但博普塔茨瓦纳只有57%的患者饮酒。自酿酒是酒精的主要来源。食道癌在农村和城市环境中均有发生，不受种族影响，主要发生在60岁左右；此外，几乎所有患者就诊时已是晚期。
