Lorenzen Janne Kunchel, Nielsen Sanne, Holst Jens Juul, Tetens Inge, Rehfeld Jens Frederik, Astrup Arne
Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2007 Mar;85(3):678-87. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/85.3.678.
High calcium intake has been shown to increase fecal fat excretion.
Our aim was to examine whether a high calcium intake from dairy products or from supplements affects postprandial fat metabolism and appetite through fat malabsorption.
Four different isocaloric meals were tested in 18 subjects according to a randomized crossover design. The test meals contained high (HC meal: 172 mg/MJ), medium (MC meal: 84 mg/MJ), or low (LC meal: 15 mg/MJ) amounts of calcium from dairy products or a high amount of calcium given as a calcium carbonate supplement (Suppl meal: 183 mg/MJ). Concentrations of plasma total triacylglycerol, chylomicron triacylglycerol, serum total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, cholecystokinin, glucagon-like peptide 1, ghrelin, peptide YY, glucose, and insulin and appetite sensation were measured before and at regular intervals until 420 min postprandially.
Dairy calcium significantly diminished the postprandial lipid response. The baseline adjusted area under the curve for chylomicron triacylglycerol was approximately 17% lower after the MC meal (P = 0.02) and approximately 19% lower after the HC meal (P = 0.007) than after the LC meal and approximately 15% lower after the MC meal (P = 0.0495) and approximately 17% lower after the HC meal (P = 0.02) than after the Suppl meal. No consistent effects of calcium on appetite sensation, or on energy intake at the subsequent meal, or on the postprandial responses of cholecystokinin, glucagon-like peptide 1, ghrelin, peptide YY, insulin, or glucose were observed.
Increased calcium intakes from dairy products attenuate postprandial lipidemia, most probably because of reduced fat absorption, whereas supplementary calcium carbonate does not exert such an effect. This may be due to differences in the chemical form of calcium or to cofactors in dairy products. Calcium did not affect appetite sensation, glucose metabolism, or gut hormone secretion.
高钙摄入已被证明会增加粪便脂肪排泄。
我们的目的是研究来自乳制品或补充剂的高钙摄入是否通过脂肪吸收不良影响餐后脂肪代谢和食欲。
根据随机交叉设计，对18名受试者测试了四种不同的等热量餐。测试餐中含有来自乳制品的高（高钙餐：172毫克/兆焦耳）、中（中钙餐：84毫克/兆焦耳）或低（低钙餐：15毫克/兆焦耳）量的钙，或作为碳酸钙补充剂给予的高量钙（补充餐：183毫克/兆焦耳）。在餐前和餐后定期测量血浆总三酰甘油、乳糜微粒三酰甘油、血清总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、胆囊收缩素、胰高血糖素样肽1、胃饥饿素、肽YY、葡萄糖和胰岛素的浓度以及食欲感觉，直至餐后420分钟。
乳制品钙显著降低餐后脂质反应。与低钙餐相比，中钙餐后乳糜微粒三酰甘油曲线下面积经基线调整后降低约17%（P = 0.02），高钙餐后降低约19%（P = 0.007）；与补充餐相比，中钙餐后降低约15%（P = 0.0495），高钙餐后降低约17%（P = 0.02）。未观察到钙对食欲感觉、后续餐的能量摄入或胆囊收缩素、胰高血糖素样肽1、胃饥饿素、肽YY、胰岛素或葡萄糖的餐后反应有一致影响。
来自乳制品的钙摄入量增加可减轻餐后血脂异常，很可能是因为脂肪吸收减少，而碳酸钙补充剂则没有这种作用。这可能是由于钙的化学形式不同或乳制品中的辅助因子所致。钙不影响食欲感觉、葡萄糖代谢或肠道激素分泌。
