Breh Doris C, Seidler Günter H
Psychomatic University Hospital Heidelberg, Department of Psychotraumatology, Heidelberg, Germany.
J Trauma Dissociation. 2007;8(1):53-69. doi: 10.1300/J229v08n01_04.
In the literature, peritraumatic dissociation is frequently considered to be a risk factor for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). In the last few years, a large number of studies have investigated the connections between PTSD and peritraumatic dissociation. A meta-analysis was conducted, including 35 empirical studies that discuss the connections between peritraumatic dissociation and PTSD. Meta-analysis makes it possible to undertake a systematic integration of findings produced by primary studies of this kind to date. The average effect size was r=0.36, indicating a significant positive correlation between the two dimensions. In this article, the authors make a distinction between correlate and risk factor. Therefore, subgroup analyses of quasi-prospective and retrospective studies were undertaken with a view to establishing whether peritraumatic dissociation represents a risk factor for the development of PTSD following a traumatic event. The average effect size in the quasi-prospective studies was r=0.34, which was significant. From a methodological viewpoint, the results show that peritraumatic dissociation is a moderate risk factor for PTSD. Nonetheless, the conceptualization of peritraumatic dissociation in the framework of psychotraumatic stress syndromes--is it a predictor, a symptom, or something else entirely?--needs to be addressed by future research.
在文献中，创伤时解离常被视为创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的一个风险因素。在过去几年里，大量研究调查了PTSD与创伤时解离之间的联系。进行了一项荟萃分析，纳入了35项讨论创伤时解离与PTSD之间联系的实证研究。荟萃分析使得对这类初步研究迄今所产生的结果进行系统整合成为可能。平均效应量为r = 0.36，表明这两个维度之间存在显著正相关。在本文中，作者区分了相关因素和风险因素。因此，对前瞻性和回顾性研究进行了亚组分析，以确定创伤时解离是否是创伤事件后PTSD发生发展的一个风险因素。前瞻性研究中的平均效应量为r = 0.34，具有显著性。从方法学角度来看，结果表明创伤时解离是PTSD的一个中度风险因素。尽管如此，创伤时解离在精神创伤应激综合征框架内的概念化——它是一个预测因素、一种症状，还是完全其他的东西？——有待未来研究解决。
