Tse Dorothy, Langston Rosamund F, Kakeyama Masaki, Bethus Ingrid, Spooner Patrick A, Wood Emma R, Witter Menno P, Morris Richard G M
Laboratory for Cognitive Neuroscience, Centre for Cognitive and Neural Systems, and Centre for Neuroscience Research, University of Edinburgh, 1 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, Scotland, UK.
Science. 2007 Apr 6;316(5821):76-82. doi: 10.1126/science.1135935.
Memory encoding occurs rapidly, but the consolidation of memory in the neocortex has long been held to be a more gradual process. We now report, however, that systems consolidation can occur extremely quickly if an associative "schema" into which new information is incorporated has previously been created. In experiments using a hippocampal-dependent paired-associate task for rats, the memory of flavor-place associations became persistent over time as a putative neocortical schema gradually developed. New traces, trained for only one trial, then became assimilated and rapidly hippocampal-independent. Schemas also played a causal role in the creation of lasting associative memory representations during one-trial learning. The concept of neocortical schemas may unite psychological accounts of knowledge structures with neurobiological theories of systems memory consolidation.
记忆编码迅速发生，但长期以来人们一直认为新皮质中记忆的巩固是一个更为渐进的过程。然而，我们现在报告，如果先前已经创建了一个将新信息纳入其中的关联“图式”，系统巩固可以极其迅速地发生。在使用依赖海马体的大鼠配对联想任务的实验中，随着一个假定的新皮质图式逐渐形成，味道-位置关联的记忆会随着时间的推移而持续存在。仅训练一次的新痕迹随后被同化并迅速独立于海马体。图式在单次学习过程中持久关联记忆表征的形成中也起到了因果作用。新皮质图式的概念可能会将知识结构的心理学解释与系统记忆巩固的神经生物学理论结合起来。
