Schoch-Spana Monica, Franco Crystal, Nuzzo Jennifer B, Usenza Christiana
UPMC Centre for Biosecurity, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA.
Biosecur Bioterror. 2007 Mar;5(1):8-25. doi: 10.1089/bsp.2006.0036.
Disasters and epidemics are immense and shocking disturbances that require the judgments and efforts of large numbers of people, not simply those who serve in an official capacity. This article reviews the Working Group on Community Engagement in Health Emergency Planning's recommendations to government decision makers on why and how to catalyze the civic infrastructure for an extreme health event. Community engagement--defined here as structured dialogue, joint problem solving, and collaborative action among formal authorities, citizens at-large, and local opinion leaders around a pressing public matter--can augment officials' abilities to govern in a crisis, improve application of communally held resources in a disaster or epidemic, and mitigate community wide losses. The case of limited medical options in an influenza pandemic serves to demonstrate the civic infrastructure's preparedness, response, and recovery capabilities and to illustrate how community engagement can improve pandemic contingency planning.
灾难和流行病是巨大且令人震惊的干扰，需要大量人员的判断和努力，而不仅仅是那些担任公职的人员。本文回顾了健康应急规划中的社区参与工作组向政府决策者提出的建议，内容涉及为何以及如何为极端健康事件催化公民基础设施。社区参与——在这里被定义为正式当局、广大公民和地方意见领袖围绕紧迫公共事务进行的结构化对话、联合解决问题和协作行动——可以增强官员在危机中的治理能力，改善在灾难或流行病中公共资源的应用，并减轻整个社区的损失。流感大流行期间医疗选择有限的案例有助于展示公民基础设施的准备能力、应对能力和恢复能力，并说明社区参与如何能够改进大流行应急规划。
