Calafat Antonia M, Kuklenyik Zsuzsanna, Reidy John A, Caudill Samuel P, Tully Jason S, Needham Larry L
Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA.
Environ Sci Technol. 2007 Apr 1;41(7):2237-42. doi: 10.1021/es062686m.
We measured the concentrations of 11 polyfluoroalkyl compounds (PFCs), including perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS) in 1562 serum samples collected from a representative U.S. population 12 years of age and older in the 1999-2000 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Participants represented both sexes, three race/ethnicities (non-Hispanic blacks, non-Hispanic whites, and Mexican-Americans), and four age categories (12-19 years, 20-39 years, 40-59 years, and 60 years and older). PFCs were extracted from 100 microL of serum using on-line solid-phase extraction coupled to isotope dilution-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry; limits of detection ranged from 0.05 to 0.2 ng/ mL. PFOS, PFOA, PFHxS, and perfluorooctane sulfonamide were detected in all samples analyzed; 2-(N-ethyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamido) acetic acid, 2-(N-methyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamido) acetic acid, and perfluorononanoic acid were detected in more than 90% of samples, which suggests prevalent exposures to several PFCs in the U.S. population. The concentrations of most PFCs were similar regardless of the participants' ages but were higher in males than in females. Mexican Americans had lower concentrations than non-Hispanic blacks and non-Hispanic whites, whose concentrations were similar. Higher education was associated with higher concentrations of PFOS and PFOA. These data will serve as a nationally representative baseline of the U.S. population's exposure to PFCs to which other populations can be compared, and will play an important role in public health by helping set research priorities, ranging from health effects studies to defining sources and pathways of exposure.
我们在1999 - 2000年美国国家健康与营养检查调查中，对从12岁及以上具有代表性的美国人群采集的1562份血清样本，测量了11种多氟烷基化合物（PFCs）的浓度，包括全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）、全氟辛酸（PFOA）和全氟己烷磺酸（PFHxS）。参与者涵盖了男女两性、三个种族/族裔（非西班牙裔黑人、非西班牙裔白人以及墨西哥裔美国人）以及四个年龄组（12 - 19岁、20 - 39岁、40 - 59岁和60岁及以上）。使用在线固相萃取结合同位素稀释 - 高效液相色谱 - 串联质谱法从100微升血清中提取PFCs；检测限范围为0.05至0.2纳克/毫升。在所有分析的样本中均检测到了PFOS、PFOA、PFHxS和全氟辛烷磺酰胺；在超过90%的样本中检测到了2 - （N - 乙基 - 全氟辛烷磺酰胺基）乙酸、2 - （N - 甲基 - 全氟辛烷磺酰胺基）乙酸和全氟壬酸，这表明美国人群普遍接触多种PFCs。大多数PFCs的浓度与参与者年龄无关，但男性高于女性。墨西哥裔美国人的浓度低于非西班牙裔黑人和非西班牙裔白人，而后两者的浓度相似。高等教育与PFOS和PFOA的较高浓度相关。这些数据将作为美国人群接触PFCs的全国代表性基线，可供其他人群进行比较，并将通过帮助确定研究重点（从健康影响研究到确定接触源和接触途径）在公共卫生中发挥重要作用。
