Lincoln John D, Ogunseitan Oladele A, Shapiro Andrew A, Saphores Jean-Daniel M
Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Public Health Program, College of Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA.
Environ Sci Technol. 2007 Apr 1;41(7):2572-8. doi: 10.1021/es0610479.
Protocols for assessing the risks of discarded electronic products (e-waste) vary across jurisdictions, complicating the tasks of manufacturers and regulators. We compared the Federal Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP), California's Waste Extraction Test (WET), and the Total Threshold Limit Concentration (TTLC) on 34 phones to evaluate the consistency of hazardous waste classification. Our sample exceeded TCLP criteria only for lead (average 87.4 mg L(-1); range = 38.2-147.0 mg L(-1); regulatory limit = 5.0 mg L(-1), but failed TTLC for five metals: copper (average 203 g kg(-1); range = 186-224 g kg(-1); limit = 2.50 g kg(-1), nickel (9.25 g kg(-1); range = 6.34-11.20 g kg(-1); limit = 2.00 g kg(-1)), lead (10.14 g kg(-1); range = 8.2211.60 g kg(-1); limit = 1.00 g kg-1), antimony (1.02 g kg(-1); range = 0.86-1.29 g kg(-1); limit = 0.50 g kg(-1)), and zinc (11.01 g kg(-1); range = 8.82-12.80 g kg(-1); limit = 5.00 g kg(-1). Thresholds were not exceeded for WET. We detected several organic compounds, but at concentrations below standards. Brominated flame retardants were absent. These results improve existing environmental databases for e-waste and highlight the need to review regulatory testing for hazardous waste.
评估废弃电子产品（电子垃圾）风险的方案在不同司法管辖区各不相同，这使得制造商和监管机构的工作变得复杂。我们比较了联邦毒性特征浸出程序（TCLP）、加利福尼亚州的废物提取测试（WET）以及34部手机的总阈值限量浓度（TTLC），以评估危险废物分类的一致性。我们的样本仅铅含量超过了TCLP标准（平均87.4毫克/升；范围 = 38.2 - 147.0毫克/升；监管限值 = 5.0毫克/升），但有五种金属未通过TTLC：铜（平均203克/千克；范围 = 186 - 224克/千克；限值 = 2.50克/千克）、镍（9.25克/千克；范围 = 6.34 - 11.20克/千克；限值 = 2.00克/千克）、铅（10.14克/千克；范围 = 8.22 - 11.60克/千克；限值 = 1.00克/千克）、锑（1.02克/千克；范围 = 0.86 - 1.29克/千克；限值 = 0.50克/千克）和锌（11.01克/千克；范围 = 8.82 - 12.80克/千克；限值 = 5.00克/千克）。WET的阈值未被超过。我们检测到了几种有机化合物，但浓度低于标准。未检测到溴化阻燃剂。这些结果改进了现有的电子垃圾环境数据库，并突出了审查危险废物监管测试的必要性。
