Casson Robert J, Newland H S, Muecke J, McGovern S, Durkin S, Sullivan T, Oo T Z, Aung T H, Shein W K, Selva D, Aung T
South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology, Adelaide, Australia.
Ophthalmology. 2007 Dec;114(12):2302-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2007.02.004. Epub 2007 Apr 19.
To determine the prevalence and causes of visual impairment in the Meiktila district of central, rural Myanmar.
Population-based cross-sectional study.
Random, stratified, cluster sampling of the inhabitants 40 years of age and older from villages in the Meiktila district was performed; 2481 eligible participants were identified and 2076 participated in the study.
The ophthalmic examination included presenting and pinhole Snellen visual acuity with an illiterate E chart, slit-lamp examination of the anterior segment, and dilated stereoscopic fundus examination. The principal cause of visual impairment was recorded.
Visual impairment and blindness were defined by both presenting and corrected visual acuity according to World Health Organization criteria: better eye < 6/18 and < 3/60, respectively.
Comprehensive examinations, including Snellen visual acuity, were performed on 2073 participants (83.6%) The prevalence estimate of presenting visual impairment was 40.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 36.1-44.7) and of presenting blindness was 8.1% (95% CI, 6.5-9.9). After pinhole correction, the corresponding prevalences were 26.8% (95% CI, 23.5-30.1) and 5.3% (95% CI, 4.0-6.6). Cataract, uncorrected refractive error, and glaucoma were the most common causes of visual impairment.
Visual impairment and blindness remain major public health problems in rural Myanmar. Specific programs directed toward reducing the cataract burden need to be implemented.
确定缅甸中部农村眉谬地区视力损害的患病率及病因。
基于人群的横断面研究。
对眉谬地区各村40岁及以上居民进行随机、分层、整群抽样；确定了2481名符合条件的参与者，其中2076人参与了研究。
眼科检查包括使用文盲E字视力表检查裸眼视力和针孔视力、裂隙灯眼前节检查以及散瞳立体眼底检查。记录视力损害的主要病因。
根据世界卫生组织标准，通过裸眼视力和矫正视力定义视力损害和失明：较好眼视力分别<6/18和<3/60。
对2073名参与者（83.6%）进行了包括Snellen视力在内的全面检查。裸眼视力损害的患病率估计为40.4%（95%置信区间[CI]，36.1 - 44.7），裸眼失明的患病率为8.1%（95%CI，6.5 - 9.9）。针孔矫正后，相应的患病率分别为26.8%（95%CI，23.5 - 30.1）和5.3%（95%CI，4.0 - 6.6）。白内障、未矫正屈光不正和青光眼是视力损害最常见的病因。
视力损害和失明仍是缅甸农村地区的主要公共卫生问题。需要实施针对性减轻白内障负担的具体项目。
