McQueen James M, Viebahn Malte C
Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Q J Exp Psychol (Hove). 2007 May;60(5):661-71. doi: 10.1080/17470210601183890.
Eye movements of Dutch participants were tracked as they looked at arrays of four words on a computer screen and followed spoken instructions (e.g., "Klik op het woord buffel": Click on the word buffalo). The arrays included the target (e.g., buffel), a phonological competitor (e.g., buffer, buffer), and two unrelated distractors. Targets were monosyllabic or bisyllabic, and competitors mismatched targets only on either their onset or offset phoneme and only by one distinctive feature. Participants looked at competitors more than at distractors, but this effect was much stronger for offset-mismatch than onset-mismatch competitors. Fixations to competitors started to decrease as soon as phonetic evidence disfavouring those competitors could influence behaviour. These results confirm that listeners continuously update their interpretation of words as the evidence in the speech signal unfolds and hence establish the viability of the methodology of using eye movements to arrays of printed words to track spoken-word recognition.
研究人员追踪了荷兰参与者的眼球运动，他们看着电脑屏幕上由四个单词组成的阵列，并听从口头指令（例如，“Klik op het woord buffel”：点击“水牛”这个单词）。这些阵列包括目标词（例如，buffel）、一个语音竞争者（例如，buffer，缓冲器）和两个不相关的干扰项。目标词是单音节或双音节的，竞争者与目标词仅在起始音或结尾音素上不匹配，且仅相差一个区别性特征。参与者看向竞争者的次数多于干扰项，但这种效应在结尾音素不匹配的竞争者身上比在起始音素不匹配的竞争者身上要强得多。一旦不利于这些竞争者的语音证据能够影响行为，对竞争者的注视就开始减少。这些结果证实，随着语音信号中的证据展开，听众会不断更新他们对单词的理解，从而确立了使用眼球运动追踪对印刷单词阵列的注视来研究口语单词识别方法的可行性。
