Khanna Dinesh, Sethi Gautam, Ahn Kwang Seok, Pandey Manoj K, Kunnumakkara Ajaikumar B, Sung Bokyung, Aggarwal Amita, Aggarwal Bharat B
Division of Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2007 Jun;7(3):344-51. doi: 10.1016/j.coph.2007.03.002. Epub 2007 May 1.
Arthritis, an inflammation of the joints, is usually a chronic disease that results from dysregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g. tumour necrosis factor and interleukin-1beta) and pro-inflammatory enzymes that mediate the production of prostaglandins (e.g. cyclooxygenase-2) and leukotrienes (e.g. lipooxygenase), together with the expression of adhesion molecules and matrix metalloproteinases, and hyperproliferation of synovial fibroblasts. All of these factors are regulated by the activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB. Thus, agents that suppress the expression of tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta, cyclooxygenase-2, lipooxygenase, matrix metalloproteinases or adhesion molecules, or suppress the activation of NF-kappaB, all have potential for the treatment of arthritis. Numerous agents derived from plants can suppress these cell signaling intermediates, including curcumin (from turmeric), resveratrol (red grapes, cranberries and peanuts), tea polyphenols, genistein (soy), quercetin (onions), silymarin (artichoke), guggulsterone (guggul), boswellic acid (salai guggul) and withanolides (ashwagandha). Indeed, several preclinical and clinical studies suggest that these agents have potential for arthritis treatment. Although gold compounds are no longer employed for the treatment of arthritis, the large number of inexpensive natural products that can modulate inflammatory responses, but lack side effects, constitute 'goldmines' for the treatment of arthritis.
关节炎是关节的一种炎症，通常是一种慢性疾病，由促炎细胞因子（如肿瘤坏死因子和白细胞介素-1β）和促炎酶失调引起，这些促炎酶介导前列腺素（如环氧合酶-2）和白三烯（如脂氧合酶）的产生，同时伴有黏附分子和基质金属蛋白酶的表达以及滑膜成纤维细胞的过度增殖。所有这些因素都受转录因子核因子-κB激活的调控。因此，抑制肿瘤坏死因子-α、白细胞介素-1β、环氧合酶-2、脂氧合酶、基质金属蛋白酶或黏附分子的表达，或抑制核因子-κB激活的药物，都有治疗关节炎的潜力。许多源自植物的药物可以抑制这些细胞信号中间体，包括姜黄素（来自姜黄）、白藜芦醇（红葡萄、蔓越莓和花生）、茶多酚、染料木黄酮（大豆）、槲皮素（洋葱）、水飞蓟宾（朝鲜蓟）、孕二烯酮（古古勒）、乳香酸（印度乳香）和睡茄内酯（南非醉茄）。事实上，一些临床前和临床研究表明这些药物有治疗关节炎的潜力。尽管金化合物不再用于治疗关节炎，但大量能够调节炎症反应且无副作用的廉价天然产物，构成了治疗关节炎的“金矿”。
