Predictive value for coeliac disease of antibodies to gliadin, endomysium, and jejunum in patients attending for jejunal biopsy.

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the extent to which the detection of antibodies to gliadin, endomysium, and jejunum predicts the eventual diagnosis of coeliac disease according to the revised ESPGAN diagnostic criteria in a group of patients in whom there is a high suspicion of coeliac disease.

DESIGN

Clinical assessment and laboratory analysis of patients with suspected coeliac disease.

SETTING

Gastroenterology department of teaching hospital.

PATIENTS

96 adults with suspected coeliac disease attending for jejunal biopsy.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES

Diagnosis of coeliac disease with the revised criteria of the European Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition in patients with and without antibodies associated with coeliac disease.

RESULTS

28 patients had a clinical diagnosis of coeliac disease, seven of other gastrointestinal diseases, and 12 of miscellaneous diseases; 49 had no diagnosis. Gliadin IgA detected by ELISA was found in all patients with coeliac disease and none of those without, giving a sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and predictive efficiency of 100% for diagnosing coeliac disease within the group. Endomysial IgA was found in 25 (89%) patients with coeliac disease and jejunal IgA in 21 (75%); neither IgA was found in patients without coeliac disease.

CONCLUSION

Detection of gliadin IgA by ELISA and to a lesser extent the endomysial IgA should allow better selection of patients for jejunal biopsy and thus make diagnosing coeliac disease simpler and more efficient.