Storm Benjamin C, Bjork Elizabeth L, Bjork Robert A, Nestojko John F
Department of Psychology, University of California, 1285 Franz Hall, Box 951563, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
Psychon Bull Rev. 2006 Dec;13(6):1023-7. doi: 10.3758/bf03213919.
When information is retrieved from memory, it becomes more recallable than it would have been otherwise. Other information associated with the same cue or configuration of cues, however, becomes less recallable. Such retrieval-induced forgetting (Anderson, Bjork, & Bjork, 1994) appears to reflect the suppression of competing nontarget information, with this suppression facilitating the selection of target information. But is success at such selection a necessary condition for retrieval-induced forgetting? Using a procedure in which some cues posed an impossible retrieval task for participants, we report evidence that the attempt to retrieve, even if unsuccessful, can produce retrieval-induced forgetting. This finding, we believe, supports and refines a suppression/inhibitory account of retrieval-induced forgetting.
当信息从记忆中被提取时，它会比原本更容易被回忆起来。然而，与相同线索或线索配置相关的其他信息则变得更难被回忆起来。这种提取诱发遗忘（安德森、比约克和比约克，1994年）似乎反映了对竞争性非目标信息的抑制，这种抑制有助于目标信息的选择。但是，这种选择的成功是提取诱发遗忘的必要条件吗？我们采用了一种程序，其中一些线索对参与者提出了不可能完成的提取任务，我们报告了证据表明，即使提取尝试不成功，也会产生提取诱发遗忘。我们认为，这一发现支持并完善了关于提取诱发遗忘的抑制/抑制性解释。
