Hill Alison M, Buckley Jonathan D, Murphy Karen J, Howe Peter R C
Nutritional Physiology Research Centre and the Australian Technology Network Centre for Metabolic Fitness, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2007 May;85(5):1267-74. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/85.5.1267.
Regular exercise and consuming long-chain n-3 fatty acids (FAs) from fish or fish oil can independently improve cardiovascular and metabolic health, but combining these lifestyle modifications may be more effective than either treatment alone.
We examined the individual and combined effects of n-3 FA supplements and regular exercise on body composition and cardiovascular health.
Overweight volunteers [body mass index (BMI; in kg/m(2)): >25] with high blood pressure, cholesterol, or triacylglycerols were randomly assigned to one of the following interventions: fish oil (FO), FO and exercise (FOX), sunflower oil (SO; control), or SO and exercise (SOX). Subjects consumed 6 g tuna FO/d ( approximately 1.9 g n-3 FA) or 6 g SO/d. The exercise groups walked 3 d/wk for 45 min at 75% age-predicted maximal heart rate. Plasma lipids, blood pressure, and arterial function were assessed at 0, 6, and 12 wk. Body composition was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at 0 and 12 wk only.
FO supplementation lowered triacylglycerols, increased HDL cholesterol, and improved endothelium-dependent arterial vasodilation (P<0.05). Exercise improved arterial compliance (P<0.05). Both fish oil and exercise independently reduced body fat (P<0.05).
FO supplements and regular exercise both reduce body fat and improve cardiovascular and metabolic health. Increasing intake of n-3 FAs could be a useful adjunct to exercise programs aimed at improving body composition and decreasing cardiovascular disease risk.
规律运动以及食用来自鱼类或鱼油的长链n-3脂肪酸（FAs）能够独立改善心血管和代谢健康，但将这些生活方式的改变相结合可能比单独采用任何一种治疗方法都更有效。
我们研究了n-3脂肪酸补充剂和规律运动对身体成分和心血管健康的个体及联合作用。
将患有高血压、高胆固醇或高甘油三酯的超重志愿者[体重指数（BMI；单位：kg/m²）>25]随机分配至以下干预措施之一：鱼油（FO）、鱼油与运动（FOX）、葵花籽油（SO；对照）或葵花籽油与运动（SOX）。受试者每天食用6克金枪鱼鱼油（约1.9克n-3脂肪酸）或6克葵花籽油。运动组每周步行3天，每次45分钟，心率为年龄预测最大心率的75%。在第0、6和12周评估血浆脂质、血压和动脉功能。仅在第0和12周通过双能X射线吸收法评估身体成分。
补充鱼油可降低甘油三酯、增加高密度脂蛋白胆固醇，并改善内皮依赖性动脉血管舒张（P<0.05）。运动可改善动脉顺应性（P<0.05）。鱼油和运动均可独立减少体脂（P<0.05）。
鱼油补充剂和规律运动均可减少体脂，并改善心血管和代谢健康。增加n-3脂肪酸的摄入量可能是旨在改善身体成分和降低心血管疾病风险的运动计划的有益辅助手段。
