Marsh Abigail A, Kozak Megan N, Ambady Nalini
Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Emotion. 2007 May;7(2):239-51. doi: 10.1037/1528-3542.7.2.239.
The fear facial expression is a distress cue that is associated with the provision of help and prosocial behavior. Prior psychiatric studies have found deficits in the recognition of this expression by individuals with antisocial tendencies. However, no prior study has shown accuracy for recognition of fear to predict actual prosocial or antisocial behavior in an experimental setting. In 3 studies, the authors tested the prediction that individuals who recognize fear more accurately will behave more prosocially. In Study 1, participants who identified fear more accurately also donated more money and time to a victim in a classic altruism paradigm. In Studies 2 and 3, participants' ability to identify the fear expression predicted prosocial behavior in a novel task designed to control for confounding variables. In Study 3, accuracy for recognizing fear proved a better predictor of prosocial behavior than gender, mood, or scores on an empathy scale.
恐惧面部表情是一种与获得帮助和亲社会行为相关的痛苦信号。先前的精神病学研究发现，有反社会倾向的个体在识别这种表情方面存在缺陷。然而，之前没有研究表明在实验环境中识别恐惧的准确性能够预测实际的亲社会或反社会行为。在三项研究中，作者测试了这样一个预测，即更准确识别恐惧的个体将表现出更多亲社会行为。在研究1中，在经典利他主义范式中，更准确识别恐惧的参与者也会向受害者捐赠更多金钱和时间。在研究2和3中，参与者识别恐惧表情的能力在一项旨在控制混杂变量的新任务中预测了亲社会行为。在研究3中，事实证明，识别恐惧的准确性比性别、情绪或共情量表得分更能预测亲社会行为。
