Dean Dennis A, Fletcher Adam, Hursh Steven R, Klerman Elizabeth B
Division of Sleep Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
J Biol Rhythms. 2007 Jun;22(3):246-58. doi: 10.1177/0748730407301376.
Work-related operations requiring extended wake durations, night, or rotating shifts negatively affect worker neurobehavioral performance and health. These types of work schedules are required in many industries, including the military, transportation, and health care. These industries are increasingly using or considering the use of mathematical models of neurobehavioral performance as a means to predict the neurobehavioral deficits due to these operational demands, to develop interventions that decrease these deficits, and to provide additional information to augment existing decision-making processes. Recent advances in mathematical modeling have allowed its application to real-world problems. Developing application-specific expertise is necessary to successfully apply mathematical models, in part because development of new algorithms and methods linking the models to the applications may be required. During a symposium, "Modeling Human Neurobehavioral Performance II: Towards Operational Readiness," at the 2006 SIAM-SMB Conference on the Life Sciences, examples of the process of applying mathematical models, including model construction, model validation, or developing model-based interventions, were presented. The specific applications considered included refining a mathematical model of sleep/wake patterns of airline flight crew, validating a mathematical model using railroad operations data, and adapting a mathematical model to develop appropriate countermeasure recommendations based on known constraints. As mathematical models and their associated analytical methods continue to transition into operational settings, such additional development will be required. However, major progress has been made in using mathematical model outputs to inform those individuals making schedule decisions for their workers.
需要延长清醒时间、夜间工作或轮班的与工作相关的操作会对工人的神经行为表现和健康产生负面影响。许多行业都有此类工作安排，包括军事、运输和医疗保健行业。这些行业越来越多地使用或考虑使用神经行为表现的数学模型，以此来预测因这些操作要求导致的神经行为缺陷，开发减少这些缺陷的干预措施，并提供额外信息以增强现有的决策过程。数学建模的最新进展使其能够应用于实际问题。成功应用数学模型需要培养特定应用领域的专业知识，部分原因在于可能需要开发将模型与应用相联系的新算法和方法。在2006年生命科学领域的SIAM - SMB会议上举办的一场名为“人类神经行为表现建模II：迈向作战准备”的研讨会上，展示了应用数学模型过程的实例，包括模型构建、模型验证或基于模型开发干预措施。所考虑的具体应用包括完善航空公司机组人员睡眠/清醒模式的数学模型、利用铁路运营数据验证数学模型，以及根据已知限制调整数学模型以制定适当的对策建议。随着数学模型及其相关分析方法不断向实际应用环境转变，将需要进行此类进一步的开发。然而，在利用数学模型输出结果为那些为员工制定工作时间表的人员提供信息方面已经取得了重大进展。
