Chu Byron C H, Lee Hung
University of Guelph, Department of Environmental Biology, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1.
Biotechnol Adv. 2007 Sep-Oct;25(5):425-41. doi: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2007.04.001. Epub 2007 Apr 24.
There is considerable interest in recent years in the bioconversion of forestry and agricultural residues into ethanol and value-added chemicals. High ethanol yields from lignocellulosic residues are dependent on efficient use of all the available sugars including glucose and xylose. The well-known fermentative yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the preferred microorganism for ethanol production, but unfortunately, this yeast is unable to ferment xylose. Over the last 15 years, this yeast has been the subject of various research efforts aimed at improving its ability to utilize xylose and ferment it to ethanol. This review examines the research on S. cerevisiae strains that have been genetically modified or adapted to ferment xylose to ethanol. The current state of these efforts and areas where further research is required are identified and discussed.
近年来，人们对将林业和农业残余物生物转化为乙醇和增值化学品有着浓厚的兴趣。木质纤维素残余物的高乙醇产量取决于对包括葡萄糖和木糖在内的所有可用糖类的有效利用。著名的发酵酵母酿酒酵母是乙醇生产的首选微生物，但不幸的是，这种酵母无法发酵木糖。在过去的15年里，这种酵母一直是各种研究工作的对象，旨在提高其利用木糖并将其发酵为乙醇的能力。这篇综述考察了对经过基因改造或适应发酵木糖为乙醇的酿酒酵母菌株的研究。确定并讨论了这些努力的现状以及需要进一步研究的领域。
