Stemm John D, Jacobson Bert H
Department of Athletics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 47078, USA.
J Strength Cond Res. 2007 May;21(2):568-71. doi: 10.1519/R-20025.1.
Plyometric training is a popular method by which athletes may increase power and explosiveness. However, plyometric training is considered a highly intense and potentially damaging activity particularly if practiced by the novice individual or if overdone. The purpose of this study was to compare vertical jump performance after land- and aquatic-based plyometric training. A convenience sample of 21 active, college-age (24 +/- 2.5 years) men were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups: group I, aquatic; group II, land; and group III, control. Training for the AQ and LN groups consisted of a 10-minute warm-up followed by 3 sets of 15 squat jumps, side hops, and knee-tuck jumps separated by 1-minute rests. The aquatic group performed the exercises in knee-level water adjusted to parallel the axis of the knee joint (+1 in.). The land group performed identical plyometric exercises on land. The control group engaged in no training. Participants trained twice a week for 6 weeks, and all training sessions were monitored. Pre- and post-test data were collected on maximum vertical jump height. A 2x3 analysis of variance with repeated measures was used to compare vertical jump height among the 3 groups. Results suggested that the aquatic- and land-based groups significantly (p < 0.05) outperformed the control group in the vertical jump. No significant difference was found in vertical jump performance between the aquatic- and land-based groups. It was concluded that aquatic training resulted in similar training effects as land-based training, with a possible reduction in stress due to the reduction of impact afforded by the buoyancy and resistance of the water upon landing.
增强式训练是一种运动员可借此提高力量和爆发力的常用方法。然而，增强式训练被认为是一项高强度且可能具有损伤性的活动，尤其是由新手进行或过度训练时。本研究的目的是比较陆上和水上增强式训练后的垂直跳跃表现。选取了21名活跃的、大学年龄（24±2.5岁）男性作为便利样本，随机分为3组中的1组：第一组，水上组；第二组，陆上组；第三组，对照组。水上组和陆上组的训练包括10分钟热身，随后进行3组，每组15次深蹲跳、侧跳和收腹跳，每组之间休息1分钟。水上组在与膝关节轴平行（高出1英寸）的齐膝深水中进行练习。陆上组在陆地上进行相同的增强式练习。对照组不进行训练。参与者每周训练两次，共训练6周，所有训练课程均受到监测。收集了最大垂直跳跃高度的测试前和测试后数据。采用重复测量的2×3方差分析来比较3组之间的垂直跳跃高度。结果表明，水上组和陆上组在垂直跳跃方面显著优于对照组（p<0.05）。水上组和陆上组在垂直跳跃表现上未发现显著差异。研究得出结论，水上训练与陆上训练产生的训练效果相似，由于水在着陆时的浮力和阻力减少了冲击力，可能减轻了压力。
