Conroy Otakuye, Sáez A Eduardo, Quanrud David, Ela Wendell, Arnold Robert G
Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
Sci Total Environ. 2007 Sep 1;382(2-3):311-23. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.04.033. Epub 2007 May 31.
Total estrogenic activity, measured using the yeast estrogen screen reporter gene bioassay, decreased from 60 pM (equivalent 17alpha-ethinylestradiol concentration) to an estimated 1.4 pM during a 24-hour period in which secondary effluent was held in a shallow infiltration basin. Over the same period, anti-estrogenic activity, measured as an equivalent concentration of tamoxifen, increased from 35 to 260 nM, suggesting that antagonists produced during secondary effluent storage played a role in the apparent loss of estrogenic activity. Androgenic activity, measured over the same 24-hour period using the yeast androgen screen, was near or below the method detection limit (0.7 pM as testosterone). However, the same pond samples were clearly anti-androgenic. When whole-sample extracts were separated via adsorption and stepwise elution in alcohol/water solutions consisting of 20, 40 and 100% ethanol, the sum of estrogenic activities in derived fractions was always lower than the measured estrogenic activity in the whole-sample extracts. Summed anti-estrogenic activities in the same fractions, however, always exceeded values for corresponding whole-sample extracts. Results reinforce the importance of sample preparation steps (concentration of organics followed by estrogen/anti-estrogen separation) when measuring endocrine-related activities in chemically complex samples such as wastewater effluent. The potential complexity of relationships among estrogens, anti-estrogens and matrix organics suggests that additive models are of questionable validity for estimating whole-sample estrogenic activity from measurements involving sample fractions.
使用酵母雌激素筛选报告基因生物测定法测得的总雌激素活性，在二级出水于浅渗滤池中存放的24小时内，从60皮摩尔（相当于17α-乙炔雌二醇浓度）降至约1.4皮摩尔。在同一时期，以他莫昔芬等效浓度衡量的抗雌激素活性从35纳摩尔增至260纳摩尔，这表明二级出水储存过程中产生的拮抗剂在雌激素活性的明显丧失中起到了作用。使用酵母雄激素筛选法在相同的24小时内测得的雄激素活性接近或低于方法检测限（以睾酮计为0.7皮摩尔）。然而，相同的池塘样品明显具有抗雄激素作用。当通过在由20%、40%和100%乙醇组成的醇/水溶液中吸附和逐步洗脱来分离全样品提取物时，衍生馏分中雌激素活性的总和始终低于全样品提取物中测得的雌激素活性。然而，相同馏分中抗雌激素活性的总和始终超过相应全样品提取物的值。结果强化了在测量诸如废水等化学复杂样品中与内分泌相关的活性时，样品制备步骤（有机物浓缩，随后进行雌激素/抗雌激素分离）的重要性。雌激素、抗雌激素和基质有机物之间关系的潜在复杂性表明，从涉及样品馏分的测量中估计全样品雌激素活性时，加和模型的有效性存在疑问。
